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Anatomy > Neck > Flashcards

Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Superficial cervical fascia

A

. Thin layer subQ that lies btw dermis and investing layer of deep cervical fascia
. Contains cutaneous nn., blood and lymph vessels, superficial lymph nodes, fat, and platysma m. Anterolat.

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2
Q

Layers of deep cervical fascia

A

. Investing
. Pretracheal
. Prevertebral
. Carotid sheath

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3
Q

Investing cervical fascia

A

. Superficial layer of deep fascia
. Encloses trap, SCM mm., parotid and submandibular glands
. Stylomandibular ligament is thickened modification of this layer

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4
Q

Pretracheal cervical fascia

A

. Visceral layer of deep cervical fascia
. Thin and only in ant. Part of neck
. Visceral part: encloses thyroid, trachea, esophagus
. Muscular part: iencloses infrahyoid mm.
. Thickening forms a pulley/trochlea where intermediate tendon of digastric mm. Passes through suspending hyoid
. Tethers omohyoid m. To clavicle, redirecting the course of mm. Btw the bellies

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5
Q

Prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia

A

. Forms tubular sheath for vertebral column and mm. Assoc. w/ it
. Fuses w/ ant. Longitudinal ligament lat. as the Axillary sheath

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6
Q

Carotid sheath

A

. Tubular fascial investment extending from base of skull to root of neck
. Contains common and internal carotid aa., internal jugular v., vagus nn., deep cervical lymph nodes, carotid sinus n. And sympathetic n. Fibers
. Communicates w/ mediastinum inf. And cranial cavity sup. (Creates potential pathways for infections)

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7
Q

Posterior triangle of neck

A

. Ant: SCM m.
. Post: trap m.
. Inf: middle 1/3 clavicle
. Apex: behind ear to sup. Nuchal line of occipital bone post. To mastoid process
. Roof: investing fascia, platysma, skin
. Floor: prevertebral fascia, splenius capitis, levator scapulae, scalenes

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8
Q

Triangles w/in post. Triangle of neck

A

. Occipital: CN XI crosses triangle, embedded w/in investing layer of deep cervical fascia
. Subclavian triangle

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9
Q

Boundaries of ant. Triangle in neck

A

. Post: SCM
. Ant: median line of neck
. sup.: inf margin mandible
. Apex: jugular (suprasternal) notch
. Roof: investing fascia, platysma, skin
. Floor: pharynx, larynx, thyroid covered w/ pretracheal fascia

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10
Q

Triangles w/in ant. Triangle

A

. Submental
. Submandibular
. Carotid
. Muscular

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11
Q

Scalenus ant. OIAN

A

. Deep to SCM, ant. To scalenus ant.
O: transverse processes of C4-C6 vertebrae
I: first rib
A: elevates 1st rib; laterally flexes and rotates neck
N: cervical spinal nerves (C4, C5, & C6)

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12
Q

Tightness in scalenes can cause ___

A

. Compression of subclavian a. And roots of brachial plexus in interscalane triangle

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13
Q

Scalenus medius OIAN

A

O: transverse processes of C2-C7 vertebrae
I: superior surface of 1st rib
A: flexes neck laterally; elevates 1st rib during forced inspiration
N: ventral rami of cervical spinal nerves

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14
Q

Scalenus post. OIAN

A

O: transverse processes of C5-C7 vertebrae
I: superior border of 2nd rib
A: flexes neck laterally; elevates 2nd rib during forced inspiration
N: ventral rami of cervical spinal nerves C7 and C8

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15
Q

Omohyoid m. and NA

A

. 2 bellies united by tendon
. Only inf. Belly cross post. Triangle in anterosup. Portion and courses post. To SCM
. N: Anna cervicalis (C1-3)
. A: depresses, retracts, and steadies hyoid bone

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16
Q

Inferior belly of omohyoid OI

A

O: superior border of scapula
I: intermediate tendon (held to clavicle by CT loop or sling)

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17
Q

Superior belly of omohyoid m. OI

A

O: intermediate tendon
I: inferior border of hyoid bone

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18
Q

Suprahyoid mm.

A 
. Digastric m. 
. Stylohoid m. 
. Mylohyoid m.
. Geniohyoid m. 
. Hypoglossus m.
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19
Q

Digastric m.

A

. 2 bellies (ant. And post.)
. Raise hyoid bone, steady during speaking and swallowing
. Acting post. To open mouth and depress mandible

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20
Q

Post. Belly of digastric OIN

A

O: mastoid notch of temporal bone
I: intermediate tendon (connected to hyoid bone by CT loop or sling)
N: facial nerve (CN VII)

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21
Q

Ant. Belly of digastric m. OIN

A

O: digastric fossa of mandible
I: intermediate tendon
N: mylohyoid nerve (branch of CN V3)

22
Q

Stylohyoid OIAN

A

O: styloid process of temporal bone
I: body of hyoid bone; surrounds tendon of digastric m
A: elevates and retracts hyoid bone
N: facial nerve (CN VII)

23
Q

Infrahyoid mm.

A 
. Lie inf. To hyoid 
. Depress hyoid bone during swallowing and speaking 
. Called strap mm. 
. Sternohyoid
. Thyrohyoid
. Sternothyroid 
. Omohyoid (only sup. Belly)
24
Q

. Sternohyoid OIAN

A

O: manubrium sterni and medial end
of clavicle
I: body of hyoid
A: depresses hyoid bone and larynx
N: ansa cervicalis (C1-3)

25
Q

Thyrohyoid m. OIAN

A 
. Deep to sternohyoid 
O: oblique line of thyroid cartilage
I: body and greater horn of hyoid 
bone
A: depresses hyoid bone; elevates 
thyroid cartilage
N: C1 via hypoglossal n.
26
Q

Sternothyroid m. OIAN

A

O: manubrium sterni and 1st costal cartilage
I: oblique line of thyroid cartilage
A: depresses hyoid bone and larynx
N: ansa cervicalis (C1-3)

27
Q

SCM OIAN

A

O: sternal head—manubrium sterni;clavicular head—med. 1/3 clavicle
I: mastoid process of temporal bone, occipital bone
A: unilat.—lat. flexes neck, rotates head to opposite side (face is turned sup. towards opposite side). Bilat.—flexes neck
N: accessory nerve (CN XI); sensory fibers from C2 and C3 ventral rami

28
Q

Cervical plexus

A

. Formed by ventral rami of spinal nn. C1-4
. Branches seen in post. Triangle include the cutaneous nn.
. Lesser occipital: scalp post. To ear
. Greater auricular: skin post. To ear over parotid
. Transverse cervical: skin on ant. Neck
. Supraclavicular: skin over clavicle and shoulder

29
Q

Phrenic n.

A

. Motor innervation to diaphragm (ventral rami C3-5)

. Courses on ant. Surface of ant. Scalene m. In neck

30
Q

Brachial plexus in neck

A

. Only parts in neck are roots and trunks and 2 branches (dorsal scapular, suprascapular)
. Roots and trunks emerge btw ant. And middle scalenes

31
Q

Spinal accessory n. In neck

A

. Innervates trap and SCM

. W/Nik investing fascia of post. Triangle

32
Q

Vagus n. In neck

A

. Travels in carotid sheath in neck btw common carotid a. And internal jugular v. But is post. To both
. Gives off pharyngeal branches, sup. And recurrent laryngeal nn., and cardiac nn. (Preganglionic parasympathetics that terminal in/near heart wall)

33
Q

Hypoglossal n. In neck

A

. Courses ant. To supply innervation to tongue musculature
. Lies on superficial surface of hypoglossal m.
. Plays role in course and distribution of fibers on ansa cervicalis

34
Q

Ansa cervicalis

A

. Loop of motor fibers from ventral rami C1-3)
. Fibers of C1 go w/ hypoglossal n. And are termed sup. Root of ansa cervicalis once they leave hypoglossal n.
. Sup. Root joins inf. Root (C2-3 fibers) to form loop
. Lies on superficial surface of carotid sheath
. Supplies strap mm.

35
Q

Sympathetic trunk in neck

A

. Located anterolat. To vertebral column on ant. Surface longus colli m. (Preganglionic)
. Inf. Cervical ganglia: post. To vertebral a. At origin from subclavian a. (Sometimes fused w/ 1st thoracic ganglion to form stellate ganglion)
. Middle cervial ganglion: ant. Aspect of inf. Thyroid a. Around level of cricoid cartilage of larynx
. Sup. Cervical ganglion: largest, locates at level of atlas/axis

36
Q

Subclavian a. In neck

A

. Courses lat. and post. Or scalenus ant. In interscalene triangle
. Gives off branches (Vertebral, internal thoracic, thyrocervical trunk, costocervical trunk) then becomes axillary a.

37
Q

Vertebral a. In neck

A

. Ascends through neck to enter transverse foramen of C6

. Then travels through remaining transverse foramina and enters foramen magnum to get to cranial cavity

38
Q

Thyrocervical trunk in neck

A

. Divides into 3 branches
. Inf. Thyroid a.: courses sup, and ant. To scalenus ant., post. To carotid sheath to supply thyroid
. Suprascapualr a.: lat. and post. Across root of neck, deep to SCM and trp, ant. To scalenus ant.
. Transverse cervical a.: lat and ant. To scalenus ant., deep to SCM and omohyoid mm., can give deep scapular a. Branch

39
Q

Costocervical trunk in neck

A

. Passes post. Over apex of lung, post. To scalenus ant.

. Branches supply 1st intercostal space and deep mm. Of back

40
Q

Common carotid a.

A

. R originates off brachiocephalic trunk
. L from arch of aorta
. In carotid sheath
. Bifurcated into internal and external branches at sup. Border thyroid cartilage

41
Q

Carotid body

A

. Small brownish mass at bifurcation of common carotid a.
. Blood chemoreceptor
. Innervated by carotid branch of glossopharyngeal (Hering’s n.) and the vagus

42
Q

Internal carotid a. In neck

A

. Direct continuation of common carotid a.
. No branches
. Enters carotid canal in petrous portion of temporal bone to gain middle cranial fossa to supply large portion of brain
. Prox. Part has carotid sinus

43
Q

Carotid sinus

A

. Baroreceptor stimulated by inc. in bp

. Innervates by carotid branch of CN IX (hering’s) and vagus

44
Q

External carotid a. Branches

A

. Sup. Thyroid: inf. To thyroid, SCM, strap mm., larynx via sup. Laryngeal a.
. Ascending pharyngeal a.: btw carotid, ascends to supply pharynx, prevertebral mm., and middle ear
. Lingual a: sup. And ant., deep to hypoglossus m. To tongue
. Facial a.: inf. Border of mandible to supply face, tonsils, palate, submandibular gland
. Occipital a: post. Surface of external carotid, courses post. To supply post. Scalp
. Post. Auricular a.: post. To external auditory meatus
. Maxillary: end branch to infratemporal fossa
. Superficial temporal a.: end branch to scalp and temporalis m.

45
Q

Internal jugular v. In neck

A

. Largest v. In neck
. Drains blood from brain and superficial head and neck
. Direct continuation of sigmoid sinus
. Found inc aortic sheath lat. to internal carotid a.
. Passes deep to SCM and unites w/ subclavian v. To form brachiocephalic v.

46
Q

External jugular v. In neck

A

. Begins near angle of mandible
. Crosses SCM in superficial fascia
.. empties into subclavian v.

47
Q

Subclavian v. In neck

A

. Continuation of axillary v.
. Joints internal jugular to form brachiocephalic v.
. Located ant. To ant. Scalene m.

48
Q

Thyroid gland

A

. Bi-loaded endocrine gland connected via isthmus extending across 2-4th tracheal rings
. 40% people have pyramidal lobe extending from isthmus to hyoid bone as persistent thyroglossalduct
. Artery blood supply: sup. And inf. Thyroid aa.
. Vein blood supply: sup. And middle thyroid vv. Drain to internal jugular, inf. Thyroid drains to brachiocephalic

49
Q

Parathyroid glands

A

. 2 pairs (sup./inf.) of small endocrine glands
. Embedded in post. Surface thyroid
. Sup.a dm inf. Thyroid aa. Supply blood

50
Q

Root of neck

A

. Junction btw neck and thoracic cavity
. Includes thoracic inlet/sup. Thoracic aperture: heart-shaped opening bounded by 1st thoracic vertebra, 1st pair ribs, and manubrium
. Compression causes thoracic outlet syndromes

Anatomy (49 decks)

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