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Anatomy > Foot > Flashcards

Foot Flashcards

1
Q

Height of arch importance

A

. Abnormally high arch is more rigid and susceptible to stress fractures than a lower arch

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2
Q

Pes planus

A

. Normal feet w/ low arches
. Could be from feet w/ high arches that have collapsed (med. arch)
. Painful bc plantar ligaments and aponeurosis are stretched
. Spring ligament can no longer support head of talus so the head is displaced inferno medially
. Results in flattening of med. longitudinal arch along w/ lat. deviation of forefoot

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3
Q

Plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament

A

. Extends from sustentaculum tali to navicular tuberosity

. Important in maintaining longitudinal arch of foot

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4
Q

Long plantar ligament

A

. Passes from plantar surface of calcaneal tuberosity to groove on cuboid
. Some fibers extend to bases of metatarsals II-V forming a tunnel for the tendon of the fibularis longus
. Important for maintaining arches of foot

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5
Q

Plantar calcaneocuboid ligament (short plantar ligament)

A

. Deep to long plantar ligament

. Extends from ant. Aspect of inf. Surface of calcaneus to inf. Surface cuboid

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6
Q

Superficial fascia of foot

A

. SubQ tissue in sole more fibrous than other areas
. Fibrous septa separate subQ into fat-filled areas to make shock-absorbing pad
.septa anchor skin to underlying plantar aponeurosis

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7
Q

Plantar fascia

A

. Deep fascia that forms plantar aponeurosis
. Longitudinally arranged bands of dense fibrous CT
. Arises from calcaneus and divides into 5 bands that split to enclose digital tendons that attach to fibrous digital sheaths and Desmond bones to great toe
. Protects plantar surface of foot from injury
. Supports longitudinal arches of foot

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8
Q

Plantar fasciitis

A

. Straining and inflammation of plantar aponeurosis that may result from running and high impact aerobics
. Causes pain on plantar surface of heel and on med. aspect of foot

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9
Q

Extensor hallicus brevis OIAN

A 
O: dorsal surface of calcaneus 
I: lateral aspect of the base of proximal phalanx 
of digit I 
A: extends 1st MTP joint 
N: deep fibular nerve
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10
Q

Extensor digitorum brevis OIAN

A

O: dorsal surface of calcaneus (divides into 3-4
bellies)
I: lateral sides of extensor digitorum longus
tendons to digits II-IV
A: extends MTP and proximal interphalangeal
(PIP) joints of digits II-IV
N: deep fibular nerve

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11
Q

Dorsalis pedis a.

A 
Direct continuation of ant. Tibial a. 
. Courses w/ deep fibular n. 
. Pulsation can be felt as it descends btw extensor hallicus and digitorum longus mm. 
. Terminates as deep plantar a. 
. Dorsalis pedis v. Follows same course
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12
Q

Arcuate a.

A

. Course transversely across foot
. Gives rise to dorsal metatarsal aa.
. Arcuate v. Follows same path

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13
Q

Deep plantar a.

A

. Contributes to plantar arterial/venous arch

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14
Q

Dorsal venous arch

A

. Continuous w. Great (long) and small (sort) saphenous vv.

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15
Q

Abductor hallicus OIAN

A

O: (medial) calcaneal tuberosity, flexor
retinaculum, and plantar aponeurosis
I: base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
A: abducts and flexes MTP joint of digit I
N: medial plantar nerve

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16
Q

Flexor digitorum brevis

A

O: (medial) calcaneal tuberosity, flexor retinaculum, and plantar aponeurosis
I: base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
A: abducts and flexes MTP joint of digit I
N: medial plantar nerve

17
Q

Abductor digiti minimi (quinti) OIAN

A

O: (lateral) calcaneal tuberosity and plantar aponeurosis
I: base of prox. phalanx of digit V
A: abducts and flexes MTP joint of digit V
N: lateral plantar nerve

18
Q

Tendon of flexor digitorum longus

A

. Crosses flexor hallicus longus tendon superficially
. Splits into 4 tendons that insert on bases of distal phalanges II-V
. Flexes all joints of digits II-V

19
Q

Quadratus plantae OIAN

A

O: calcaneus (plantar surface)
I: tendon of flexor digitorum longus
A: assists flexor digitorum longus muscle
N: lateral plantar nerve

20
Q

Lumbricals of foot OIAN

A

O: tendons of flexor digitorum longus
I: medial sides of extensor expansions of digits II-V
A: weakly flexes MTP joints and extends IP joints of digits II-V
N: Medial and lateral plantar nerves

21
Q

Tendon of flexor hallicus longus

A

. Runs to base of distal phalanx of digit I in groove inf. To sustentaculum tali
. Flexes MTP and IP joints of digit I

22
Q

Flexor hallicus brevis OIAN

A 
O: cuboid and lateral cuneiform 
I: Both sides of the base of prox. phalanx of digit I, Med. tendon joins abductor hallucis; the lat. tendon joins adductor hallucis
. Each tendon contains a sesamoid 
bone that tendon of flexor hallucis 
longus passes btw 
A: flexes MTP joint of digit I
N: medial plantar nerve
23
Q

Adductor hallicus OIAN

A

O: Oblique head: base of metatarsals II-IV, transverse head: deep transverse metatarsal ligaments btw heads of
metatarsals 3-5
I: lat. side of the base of prox. phalanx of digit I
A: adducts MTP joint of digit I
N: lateral plantar nerve

24
Q

Flexor digiti minimi OIAN

A

O: base of fifth metatarsal
I: base of prox. phalanx of digit V (often a sesamoid is present)
A: flexes MTP joint of digit V
N: lateral plantar nerve

25
Q

Tendon of fibularis longus

A

. Crosses sole to reach base of 1st metatarsal

. Everts foot and shores up transverse arch

26
Q

Tendon of tibialis posterior

A

. Broad insertion on navicular tuberosity, 1st cuneiform, and several adjacent bones
. Inverts foot

27
Q

Interosseous mm.

A

3 plantar interossei

4 dorsal interossei

28
Q

Plantar interossei

A 
. 3
O: medial side of metatarsal III-V 
I: medial side of proximal phalanges and extensor expansions of digits III-V 
A: adducts MTP joints of digits III-V
(plantar adduct – PAD) 
N: lat. plantar n.
29
Q

Dorsal interossei

A

. 4
O: separate heads from adjacent metatarsal shafts
I: bases of proximal phalanges and extensor
expansions of digits II-IV
A: abducts MTP joints of digits II-IV (dorsal
abduct – DAB)
N: lateral plantar n.

30
Q

Medial plantar n.

A

. Motor to abductor hallicus, flexor digitorum brevis, flexor hallicus brevis, and 1st lumbrical (digit II)
. Cutaneous: med. sole of foot and 3.5 digits

31
Q

Lateral plantar n.

A

. Motor: abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi, adductor hallicus, quadratus plantae, lumbricals II-IV, and all interosseous
. Cutaneous: lat. sole of foot and 1.5 digit

32
Q

Calcaneal nn.

A

. From tibial and Sural nn.
. Pass from distal part of post. Aspect of leg to skin on heel
. Cutaneous to skin over heel

33
Q

Arteries on plantar side of foot

A

. End branches of post. tibial a./v.
. Med. plantar a./v: supplies med. portion of sole and digit I
. Lat. plantar a./v: larger than med. plantar a, supplies lat. sole and ends w/ plantar arterial arch
. Plantar metatarsals from deep plantar arch
. Plantar digital aa.: from plantar metatarsal aa. To supply sides of adjacent pedal digits

34
Q

Veins on plantar side of foot

A

. . Plantar venous network: superficial vv. Drain into med. marginal and lat. marginal vv. That become great and small saphenous vv.
. Deeper med. and lat. plantar vv. Form post. Tibial and fibular vv. (Venae comitantes)

Anatomy (49 decks)

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