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Anatomy > Pectoral And Shoulder Regions > Flashcards

Pectoral And Shoulder Regions Flashcards

1
Q

Arm

A

Part between shoulder and elbow containing the humerus and muscles in the region

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2
Q

Forearm

A

Between elbow and wrist containing ulna, radius, and muscle in region

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3
Q

Humerus

A 
. Head 
. Anatomical & surgical necks 
. Greater and lesser tubercles 
. Intertubercular (bicipital) groove or sulcus—with lateral and medial lips 
. Shaft 
. Deltoid tuberosity
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4
Q

Brachial plexus

A

. Nerve network formed by ventral rami do spinal nerves C5-8 and T1
. Runs through axilla and will not be exposed by dissection a the time

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5
Q

Teres major m. OIA

A

O: post. side of the scapula
near inf. angle
I: med. lip of
intertubercular groove, near the insertion
of latissimus dorsi (anterior, superior part
of the humeral shaft)
A: extension, adduction, and med. rotation of humerus (same as lat)

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6
Q

Teres major m. N and B

A

N: lower subscapular n.
B: subscapular artery

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7
Q

Deltoid m. OIA

A

O: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula; the same as the insertion of trapezius
I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
A: ant. Part flexes and medially rotates, Lat. (acromial) part abducts, post. Part (scapular spine) extends and lat. rotates

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8
Q

Deltoid N and B

A

N: axillary nerve
B: post. Circumflex humeral artery

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9
Q

Axillary nerve

A

Also supplies the skin over the deltoid m.

. Courses w/ post. circumflex humeral artery around post. side of surgical neck of humerus deep to deltoid.

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10
Q

Quadrangular space

A

. Bordered by teres minor m., teres major m., long head of triceps brachii m., and surgical neck of humerus
. Axillary nerve and post. Circumflex humeral artery located here
. Vulnerable w/ humerus dislocation

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11
Q

Synovial bursa

A

.btw greater tubercle of humerus and deltoid and acromion
. Flat sac of synovial membrane enclosing synovial fluid
. Helps lubricate motion
. Can have 2 separate bursar or 1 large bursa

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12
Q

Rotator cuff muscles

A

. “Cuff” glenohumoral joint adhering to fibrous capsule helping to stabilize it
. Subscapularis m., supraspinatus m., infraspinatus m., teres minor m.

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13
Q

Subscapularis m. OIA

A

O: subscapular fossa
I: lesser tubercle of the humerus
A: med. rotates humerus

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14
Q

Subscapularis m. N and B

A

N: upper and lower subscapular nn.
B: subscapular a.

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15
Q

Supraspinatus OIA

A

O: supraspinous fossa
I: sup. part of the greater tubercle of the humerus
A. Abducts humerus

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16
Q

Supraspinatus m. N and B

A

N: suprascapular n., which courses through the suprascapular notch and under the transverse scapular ligament
B: suprascapular a., which usually courses over the transverse scapular
ligament (not through the suprascapular notch)

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17
Q

Infraspinatus m. OIA

A

O: infraspinous fossa
I: posterior side of the greater tubercle of the humerus
A: lat. rotates humerus

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18
Q

Infraspinatus N and B

A

N: suprascapular n., which reaches this muscle by passing between the acromion and neck of the scapula
B: circumflex scapular a.

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19
Q

Teres minor OIA

A

O: posterior side of the scapula, near its lateral border,
lateral to the origin of teres major
I: Posterior side of the greater tubercle of the humerus,
A: lat. rotates humerus

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20
Q

Teres minor N and B

A

N: axillary n.
B: circumflex scapular a.

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21
Q

Pectoralis major OIA

A

O: Clavicular head (med. 1/3 clavicle), Sternocostal head (sternum and costal cartilages)
I: Lateral lip of the intertubercular groove (ant, sup. part of humeral shaft)
A: both heads adduction and med. rotates humerus, Clavicular head flexes humerus, sternocostal head flexes an extended humerus, but extends flexed humerus, depresses and protracts shoulder girdle by pulling on humerus

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22
Q

Pectoralis major Na nd B

A

N: lat. and med. pectoral nn.
B: branches of internal thoracic, lat. thoracic, and thoraco-acromial arteries

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23
Q

Pectoralis minor OIA

A

O: ribs 3, 4, 5 near the costochondral junctions
I: coracoid process of the scapula
A: depresses and protracts should girdles, helps w/ inf. Rotation of scapula

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24
Q

Pectoralis minor N and B

A

N: medial pectoral n. (penetrates pectoralis minor m., and then enters the pectoralis major m.)
B: lateral thoracic and thoracoacromial aa. (both are branches of the axillary a.)

25
Q

Subclavius m. OIA

A

O: first costal cartilage
I: inferior side of the clavicle
A: depresses clavicle and resists lat. dislocation of clavicle

26
Q

Subclavius m. N

A

N: nerve to subclavius (small branch brachial plexus

27
Q

Clavipectoral fascia

A

. Subclavius and pectoralis minor embedded in this sheet

. In coronal plane

28
Q

Subclavius clavicle injury function

A

splint a fractured clavicle,

facilitating healing; also protects vessels and nerves in the axilla against injury from the sharp ends of broken bones.

29
Q

Serratus anterior m. OIA

A

O: First 8-9 ribs, laterally
I: Anterior (deep) side of scapula along its entire medial border (insert near angle for max leverage in rotating scapula sup.)
A: protracts shoulder girdle by pulling scapula ant., holds scapula to ribcage, rotates scapular sup. During abduction by pulling inf. Angle ant.

30
Q

Winging of scapula from denervation of serratus ant.

A

. inf. angle of scapula protrudes post. because the scapula is not fixed by the serratus anterior m.
. severe weakness of abduction and flexion of the arm because the scapula isn’t supported by the serratus anterior m.

31
Q

Omohyoid m. O.

A

Originates on sup. Border of scapula

32
Q

Coracobrachialis m. OIAN

A

O: coracoid process
I: ant. Surface of humerus mid shaft
A: flexes ad abducts arm
N: musculocutaneous n.

33
Q

Biceps brachii shape, OIAN

A

2 heads
O: long head supraglenoid tubercle (sup. To glenoid fossa), short head coracoid process
I: radial tuberosity and antebrachial fascia via bicipital aponeurosis
A: flexes and supinates forearm, long head weakly flexes arm, short head weakly adducts the abducted arm
N: musculocutaneous n.

34
Q

Triceps brachii m. Shape, OIAN

A

Shape: 3 heads
. O: long head infraglenoid tubercle of scapula, lat. head: post surface of humerus sup. To spiral groove, med. head: post. Surface of humerus inf. To spiral groove
I: olecranon process of ulna
A: extends forearm; long head weakly extends and adducts arm
N: radial n.

35
Q

Arteries anastomosing on dorsal of scapula

A 
. Suprascapular a. 
. Dorsal scapular a. 
. Subscapular a. 
. Circumflex scapular a. 
. Post. Circumflex humeral a.
36
Q

Suprascapular artery branch of ___

A

. Branch of thyrocervical trunk from subclavian a.

37
Q

Dorsal scapular artery branch of ___

A

. Transverse cervical a. Or directly from subclavian a.

38
Q

Subscapular a. Branch of ___

A

Axillary a.

39
Q

Circumflex scapular a. Branch of ___

A

Subscapular a.

40
Q

Post. Circumflex humeral a. Branch of ___

A

Axillary a.

41
Q

Subclavian a. Branches off of ___

A

. Right subclavian off of brachiocephalic trunk, left subclavian off aortic arch

42
Q

Axillary a. Begins at _____

A

Lat. border of 1st rib

43
Q

Brachial a. Begins at ___

A

. Inf. Border of teres major

44
Q

Mammary gland location

A

. Extends transversely from lat. border of sternum to midaxillary line
. Extends vert. From 2-6 ribs
. Small part extends towards axilla (axillary tail of Spence)
. 2/3 on deep pectoral fascia, 1/3 covering serratus ant.

45
Q

Retromammary space

A

Between breast and deep pectoral fascia is loose CT plane

46
Q

Areolae

A

. Contains numerous sebaceous glands (areolar glands/glands of Montgomery)

47
Q

Nipple

A

. Called papilla mammae
. Lactiferour ducts open into it
. Composed of circularly arranged smooth muscle fibers

48
Q

Lobule

A

. Functional unit of breast tissue drained by single lactiferous duct
. Separated from other loboules via suspensions ligaments
. 15-20 lobules

49
Q

Lactiferous ducts

A

. Each lobule sends duct to nipple

50
Q

Lactiferous sinus

A

. Enlargement of lactiferous duct prox. To its opening into nipple

51
Q

Suspensions ligaments of Cooper

A

. Fibrous bands of CT that connect skin overlying breast w/ superficial fascia separating glandular tissue into lobules

52
Q

Breast arterial supply

A

. Medial: perforating (ant. Cutaneous) branches of internal thoracic a. (ALSO CALLED MED. MAMMARY BRANCHES)
. Lat: thoracromial a. And lat. Mammary branches of lat. thoracic a. And of lat. cutaneous branches of post. Intercostal a.

53
Q

Breast venous drainage

A

. Drains to axillary vein
. Some drainage to internal thoracic v.
. Reverse route arterial supply

54
Q

Lymphatic drainage of breast

A

. Divided into 4 quadrants (sup. Lat, sup. Med., inf. Lat, inf. Med)
. Lateral quadrants and some medial (75% all tissue) drains to axillary lymph nodes then to central and apical lymph nodes
. Rest of tissue in med. quadrants drains to parasternal lymph nodes or opposite breast

55
Q

Why is lymph drainage important?

A

Plays role in metastasis of cancer

56
Q

Breast N.

A

4-6 intercostal nerves (lat. and ant. Cutaneous branches of these nerves)

57
Q

How does carcinoma of breast arise usually?

A

From epithelial cells of lactiferous ducts

58
Q

Signs of carcinoma in breast

A

. Skin dimpling, abnormal contours, edema of skin (Peau d’orange sign), and nipple retraction

Anatomy (49 decks)

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