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Anatomy > Intestines > Flashcards

Intestines Flashcards

1
Q

Plicae circulares

A

Mucosal folds covering the luminal (inner) surface

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2
Q

Duodenum

A 
. Secondarily retroperitoneal 
. Adjacent to the pylorus
. Thickness of 12 fingers
. C-shaped
. Cradles the head of the pancreas 
. Sup. Portion, descending portion, horizontal portion, ascending portion
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3
Q

Sup. Portion of duodenum

A

. Has mesentery, more mobile
. Has smooth wall area of duodenal cap or bulb
. Plicae circulares begin 3-5cm from pylorus

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4
Q

Duodenal ulcers

A

. Post wall of sup. Part of the duodenum near the pylorus

. Can lead to peritonitis if stomach contents enters peritoneal cavity

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5
Q

Descending portion of duodenum

A

. Courses inf. To the right of L1-3 vertebrae
. Located parallel and to the right of the IVC
. Contains combined openings of bile duct and pancreatic ducts
. Major duodenal papilla w/ ostium: assoc. w/ chief or moan pancreatic duct and bile duct forming hepatopancreatic ampulla
. Minor duodenal papilla w/ ostium: assoc. w/ accessory pancreatic duct

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6
Q

Horizontal portion of duodenum

A

. Crosses lower part of L3 body

. Sup. Mesenteric a. Arises above this

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7
Q

Duodenum ascending portion

A

. Ascends lat. to L2-3 vertebrae
. Located on the L side of the abdominal
. Turns ventrally to be continuous w/ jejunum at duodenal-jejunal flexure
. Recesses and fossae that can be possible sites for gut herniation

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8
Q

Suspensory ligament of duodenum

A

. Ligament of Treitz
. Fibromuscular band attached at flexure
. Attaches sup. To crus of diaphragm

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9
Q

Recesses in descending portion of duodenum

A

. Sup. Duodenal fold/recess: next to flexure
. Inf. Duodenal fold/recess: ant. To angle btw horizontal and ascending portions of duodenum
. Retroduodenal recess: post. To ascending portion
. Paraduodenal fold/recess: left of duodenum, covers, inf. Mesenteric v. And L colic a.

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10
Q

Jejunum

A

. Intraperitoneal
. No good demarcation from ileum (2/5 of combined length of jejunum and ileum)
. Frequently empty
. Wider diameter
. Thicker walls
. Redder from more vasculature
. Plicae circulares more prominent
. Blood vessels in mesentery (1-2 layers of arcades, long vasa recta)
. Features most prominent at proximal end

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11
Q

Ileum

A 
. Intraperitoneal 
. Features most prominent at distal end 
. Narrower, thinner, paler
. Small/absent plicae circulares
. Inc. mesenteric fat
. Blood vessels in mesentery (4-5 layers arcades, short Vasa recta)
. Peyer’s patches 
. Meckel’s diverticula
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12
Q

Peyer’s patches

A

. Submucosal aggregates of lymph tissue along antimesenteric border

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13
Q

Meckel’s diverticulum

A

. Common malformation
. Finger-like blind pouch remnant of embryonic Vitelline duct
. 2% individuals 2” long 2 feet from iliocecal junction
. Mimic appendix symptoms if inflamed

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14
Q

Mesentery

A

. Fan shaped double layer peritoneum containing blood vessels, nerves, lymph
. Short root: 15 cm running obliquely (sup to inf, left to right) across post. A nominal wall from duodenal-jejunum flexure to iliocecal junction
. Long border: 6-7m at point of attachment to jejunum and ileum

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15
Q

Large intestine distinct surface characteristics

A

. Teniae coli: outer longitudinal muscle layer incomplete, forms 3 equally spaced bands
. Haustra or sacculation: teniae coli 1/6 shorter than rest of colon so gut wall bulges out
. Epiploic appendices: fat-filled appendages

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16
Q

Inner surface of large intestine

A

. Semilunar mucosal folds that run from teniae coli to teniae coli

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17
Q

Regions of large intestine

A 
. Cecum w/ appendix 
. Ascending colon 
. Transverse colon
. Descending colon
. Sigmoid colon 
. Rectum 
. Anal canal
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18
Q

Cecum

A

. Blind pouch 6-7cm
. Secondarily retroperitoneal
. Ileum enters cecum at ileocecal orifice

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19
Q

Appendix

A

. Intraperitoneal (mesentery called mesoappendix)
. 2-20 cm long, avg 8 cm
. Appendicular orifice
. Opening 3 cm inf. To ileocecal valve
. Root is only fixed point
. Usually retrocecal (64%) or pelvic rim (32%)
. Frequently inflamed

20
Q

McBurney’s point

A

. Junction of lat. and middle thirds of line joining ASIS to umbilicus
. Produces max abdominal pain in appendicitis

21
Q

Ascending colon

A

. Secondarily retroperitoneal
. From cecum to R colic (hepatic) flexure
. Narrower than cecum

22
Q

Transverse colon

A

. Intraperitoneal
. Largest and most movable part of large intestine
. Courses from R colic flexure to L colic (splenic) flexure
. Mesenteric attachments: post. To transverse mesocolon (courses across duodenum and pancreas) and ant. To gastrocolic ligament of greater omentum

23
Q

Left colic flexure

A

. More sup. And post. Than right colic flexure

. Attached to diaphragm by phrenicocolic ligament

24
Q

Descending colon

A

. Secondarily retroperitoneal
. From L colic flexure to sigmoid colon
. Narrowest part of colon

25
Q

Sigmoid colon

A

. Intraperitoneal
. S-shaped loop
. V-shaped Mesenteric attachment running along post. Abdominal wall and pelvis (sigmoid mesocolon)

26
Q

Preganglionic sympathetic fibers of intestines

A

. From sympathetic chain

. Synapse in sup. Or inf. Mesenteric (preaortic) ganglia

27
Q

Postganglionic sympathetic fibers in intestines

A

. From sup. Mesenteric ganglia: follow blood vessels to midgut organs (distal 1/2 duodenum through prox. 2/3 transverse colon)
. From inf. Mesenteric ganglia: follow blood vessels to hindgut (distal transverse colon to rectum)

28
Q

Sympathetic effect on intestines

A

. Dec. motility and secretion, vasoconstricts, constricts sphincters
. Visceral sensory afferents convey pain

29
Q

Parasympathetic fibers in intestine

A

. Preganglionic: vagus to GI tract up to L colic flexure, sacral (pelvic splanchnics) to rest of organs
. Synapse in wall of gut (myenteric/submucosal plexuses)
. Short postganglionic fibers

30
Q

Parasympathetic effects on intestine

A

. Inc. motility secretion, vasodilates, dilates sphincters

. Visceral sensory afferents conveys senses of nausea and distension

31
Q

Sup. Mesenteric a.

A

. Unpaired, from abdominal aorta (L1)
. Lymph and nerve plexus at base
. Supplies SI, cecum, appendix, ascending colon and R 2/3 of transverse colon

32
Q

Sup. Mesenteric a. Branches

A 
. Inf. Prancreeaticoduodenal a. 
. Intestinal a (15-28 in mesentery to jejunum and ileum) forming arcades and vasa recta
. Ileocolic a. 
. R colic a. 
. Middle colic. A.
33
Q

Ileocolic a. Branches

A

. Cecal branches
. Colic branch (anastomoses w/ descending branches of R colic a.)
. Ileal branch (anastomoses w/ ileal branches)
. Appendicular branch

34
Q

Percentage of ileocolic aa. That arise from common stem w/ R colic a.

A

40%

35
Q

R colic a.

A

. Descending branch (anastomoses w/ colic branch of ileocolic a.)
. Ascending branch (anastomoses w/ middle colic a.)

36
Q

Inf. Mesenteric a.

A

. Unpaired from abdominal aorta (L3) above bifurcation
. Lymph and nerve plexus at base
. Supplies left 1/3 transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum

37
Q

Inf. Mesenteric a. Branches

A

. L colic a.
. Sigmoidal aa. (2-3)
. Sup. Rectal a.

38
Q

Left colic artery branches

A

. Ascending branch: anastomoses w/ L branch of middle colic a.
. Descending branch

39
Q

Sigmoidal aa.

A

. Ascending branch

. Descending branch

40
Q

Sup. Rectal a. And branches

A

. Inf. Continuation of inf. Mesenteric a. After last sigmoidal branch is given off

41
Q

Marginal artery of Drummond

A

. Extensive anastomoses of branches of sup. And inf. Mesenteric aa.
. Patent arch around large intestines

42
Q

Veins of intestines

A

. Sup. Mesenteric v, joins splenic v. To form portal v.

. Inf. Mesenteric v. Terminates in splenic v. (60%) or sup, mesenteric v. (40%)

43
Q

Lymphatic trunks of intestines

A

. Abdominal (lumbar, intestinal, descending thoracic) converge to form cisterna chyli

44
Q

Cisterna chyli

A

. Collects lymph from lower half of body

. Beginning of thoracic duct

45
Q

Thoracic duct

A

. All lymph from lower half of body

. Enters venous system at convergence of L internal jugular and L subclavian vv.

46
Q

T/F infants w/ pets have high diversity of microbes in gut leading to inc. gut. Immunity

A

T

Anatomy (49 decks)

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