Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Circulatory System Development I > Flashcards

Circulatory System Development I Flashcards

1
Q

Percentage of congenital defects that are heart defects

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Most common heart defect

A

Ventricular septal defect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Percentage of congenital heart defects w/ unknown cause

A

85%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Percentage of heart defects have genetic basis

A

10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Down syndrome is assoc. w/ congenital heart defects in ___ percentage of cases

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Percentage of congenital heart defects caused by teratogens

A

5% of cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What kind of drug is assoc. w/ heart defects

A

Lithium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Maternal diseases that affect heart formation

A

Diabetes and German measles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How long does embryo obtain nourishment via simple diffusion

A

Through 2nd week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

First organ system to develop

A

Cardiovascular system formed primarily by extraembryonic and intraembryonic mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mesenchymal cells

A

. Primary CT cells in extraembryonic and intraembryonic mesoderm form clumps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Blood islands

A

. Clumps in mesoderm
. Coalesce to form primitive blood vessels lined w/ endothelial cells and filled w/ primitive blood cells
. smooth muscle and CT of blood. Vessels form later from same mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Primitive blood vessels connect the embryo to vessels in the ____

A

Yolk sac (Vitelline vessels) and the placenta (umbilical vessels)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Blood flows out to embryo proper in ____ that fuse caudally to form ___

A

. Paired dorsal aortae

. Single dorsal aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cardinal veins

A

. Carries blood back from embryo proper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Heart development begins as paired ______

A

Cardiogenic cords in the intraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm in the cardiogenic area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cardiogenic area

A

. Originally lies cranial to oropharyngeal membrane

. Comes to lie in area of future thoracic cavity when embryo undergoes folding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cardiogenic cords develop lumens and become ____

A

Paired R and L endothelial heart tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Heart tubes

A

. Formed only of endothelium, but cardiac muscle and CT layer develop later from surrounding mesoderm
. Non-cellular layer of cardiac jelly lies immediately external to the endothelium
. Mucopolysaccharide-rich layer is later invaded by endothelial cells forming endocardium cushion tissue that helped form heart valves
. Tubes fuse together to form a single heart tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Single heart tube

A

. Connected to embryonic vessels and vessels in the umbilical cord and yolk sac
. Heart tube elongates and develops various dilutions and constrictions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Sinus venous (SV)

A

. Received blood from Vitelline, cardinal and umbilical veins via sinus horns

22
Q

Common atrium (A)

A

Single chamber

23
Q

SV and A constitute the ____

A

Venous (caudal) region

24
Q

Primitive ventricle (V)

A

. Single chamber

. Called primitive L ventricle when it develops trabeculae Carneae

25
Q

Constriction btw primitie atrium and primitive ventricle becomes ___

A

Coronary (AV) sulcus

26
Q

Atrioventricular canal

A

Channel btw common atrium and primitive ventricle

27
Q

Bulbus cordis (B)

A

. Prox. Portion develops trabeculae carneae and becomes primitive R ventricle
. Distal portion adjacent to truncus arteriosus (TA) is called conus cordis

28
Q

truncus arteriosus (TA) leads into ___

A

. Right and left aortic arches that connect to dorsal aortae

29
Q

Arterial (cranial) region

A

V, B, and TA

30
Q

Day primitive heart starts to beat and how

A

22 by peristaltic contractions that begin at sinus venosus and push blood through heart

31
Q

T/F primitive heart contractions DO NOT require innervation or development of conducting system

A

T

32
Q

Looping process of heart

A

. Heart grows and forms S-shaped loop that projects anteriorly
. Venous end of heart moves cranially by moving dorsal to arterial end

33
Q

Formation of visceral and parietal pericardium

A

. After embryo folds, developing heart lies dorsal to portion of intraembryonic celom that will form pericardial sac
. Sac grows ant. And it pushes into the intraembryonic celom forming this

34
Q

Because of heart looping, venous portions of the heart form _____ and primitive ventricle projects ____ and the truncus arteriosus exits pericardial sac ____

A

. Form base of heart
. Projects ant.
. Superiorly

35
Q

What weeks does partitioning of the heart into 4 chambers begin?

A

Week 4

36
Q

Initial separation of the primitive atrium

A

. After heart tube, the truncus arteriosus located anteriorly presses on the common atrium (post. To the truncus arteriosus)
. Protrusion of truncus arteriosus into the common atrium divides the chamber into primitive R and L atria (no septum formed)
. Opening of sinus venosus shifts from midline to right so sinus venosus only opens into R atrium

37
Q

Path of blood flow through developing heart at time of initial separation of primitive atrium

A 
.sinus venosus primitive R atrium 
. Primitive L atrium 
. Atrioventricular canal 
. Primitive left ventricle 
. Primitive R ventricle (caudal part of bulbus cordis)
. Conus cordis (cranial part of bulbus cordis)
. Truncus arteriosus
. Aortic arches
38
Q

Atrioventricular canal shift

A

. Originally lies btw primitive left atrium and primitive L ventricle then shifts from left side to midline
. Blood passes from primitive atria into both of the primitive ventricles

39
Q

Valve formation

A

. Endocardial cushions derived from cardiac jelly project into undivided AV canal
. Cushions fuse and divide the canal into R and L AV openings
. Tri/bicuspid valves will eventually form tissue of endocardial cushions and control blood flow through the R and L AV canals

40
Q

Formation of the definitive R atrium

A

. Opening btw R atrium and sinus venosus enlarges so right horn of sinus venosus becomes incorporated into wall of R atrium
. Primitive R atrium represents by portion of R atrium and auricle lined w/ musculi pectinati
. Sinus venosus becomes smooth post. Wall in adult R atrium
. Left horn of sinus venosus becomes coronary sinus

41
Q

Formation of definitive L atrium

A

. As lungs form, the primitive L atrium send vein buds out to each lung
. These buds branch out and enlarge
. Initial portion of pulmonary veins becomes incorporated into developing L atrium forming its wall
. The L auricle is the only remnant of primitive L atrium

42
Q

Foramen (ostium) primum

A

. Opening btw R and L atrium

. Originally very large

43
Q

Septum primum

A

. Membrane that grow inf. From the roof of the common atrium
. Separates R and L atria and closes the foramen primum as it grows toward endocardial cushions and then fuses w/ cushion

44
Q

Foramen (ostium) secundum

A

. Before primum disappears the sup. Portion degenerates and this a opening appears
. Degeneration of septum primum involves apoptosis
. Blood flows from R atrium into L atrium through this

45
Q

Septum secundum

A

. Second membrane that grows down from atrial roof directly adjacent to septum primum
. More rigid than septum primum
. Grows until it covered foramen secundum but doesn’t form completely wall btw atria
. Oval opening present at inf. End (foramen ovale)

46
Q

T/F septum primum overlaps foramen ovale so there is not a direct line btw foramen secundum and foramen ovale

A

T, look moves obliquely through interatrial septum prenatally

47
Q

How blood passes from R to L atrium

A

. Goes through foramen ovale and then through foramen secundum by pushing down portion of septum primum that covers foramen ovale

48
Q

What occurs to septum primum a and secundum after birth?

A

. Fuse due to shifting in pressure dynamics of the heart from beginning of respiration in newborn
. L atrium has high pressure than R atrium
. Pressure difference forces septum primum against secundum so that they fuse into solid structure closing the openings btw atria

49
Q

Atrial septal defect (patent foramen ovale)

A

. Common
. Ostium primum type: foramen primum remains open from inadequate septum primum or endocardial cushions growth, located inf. On interatrial septum close to cushions
. Foramen secundum: excessive resorption of septum primum during development resulting in large foramen secundum OR inadequate septum secundum development resulting in large foramen ovale, or combo of both

50
Q

Atrial septal defects allow ____

A

Shunting of blood btw R and L atria mixing oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

51
Q

What happens immediately after birth with atrial septal defects?

A

. Blood shunts from high pressure L atrium to R atrium
. Reactive pulmonary vasoconstriction from volume loading on R side
. Inc. resistance o right side causes secondary inc. in pressure in R atrium
. Shunt will change direction from left-to-right to right-to-left forcing more deoxygenated blood into L atrium and ventricle
. Eventually causes death due to ischemia in organs like kidney and liver

Anatomy (49 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions