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Anatomy > Infratemporal Fossa And Nasal Cavity > Flashcards

Infratemporal Fossa And Nasal Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

Infratemporal fossa boundaries

A

Lat. med. surface of ramus of mandible
. Ant: body of maxilla
. Med: lat. pterygoid plate of sphenoid, sup. Pharyngeal constrictor, and tensor and levator veli palatine mm.
. Post: tympanic plate, mastoid and styloid processes
. Roof: greater wing of sphenoid and squamous portion of the temporal bone w/ foramen ovale and foramen spinosum

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2
Q

Foramen ovale

A

. Transmits CN V3 from middle cranial fossa to infratemporal fossa

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3
Q

Foramen spinosum

A

. Transmits middle meningeal a. From infratemporal fossa into middle cranial fossa

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4
Q

Contents of infratemporal fossa

A

. Med. and lat. pterygoid mm.
. Maxillary a.
. Pterygoid plexus of vv.
. Mandibular division of trigeminal n. And its branches

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5
Q

Maxillary aa.

A

. 1 of 2 terminal branches of external carotid a.
. Arises w/in parotid gland and enters infratemporal fossa by passing deep to ramus of mandible
. Exits fossa via pterygomaxillary fissure where it terminates by splitting into sphenopalatine and descending palatine aa.

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6
Q

Branches of maxillary a.

A

. Deep auricular and ant. Tympanic aa. To ear
. Middle meningeal a.
. Inf. Alveolar a.
. Accessory meningeal a.
. Muscular branches to temporalis (deep temporal a.), pterygoid, and buccinator mm. (Buccal a.)
. Post. Sup. Alveolar a.
. Infraorbital a.

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7
Q

Middle meningeal a. Pathway

A

. Enters skull via foramen spinosum

. Supplies dura and adjacent bone

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8
Q

Inferior alveolar a.

A

. Enters mandible via mandibular foramen
. Supplies lower teeth and mandible
. Terminates as mental a.

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9
Q

Accessory meningeal a. Pathway

A

. Inconsistent

. Enters skull via foramen ovale

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10
Q

Post. Sup. Alveolar artsy pathway

A

. Enters body of the maxilla to supply upper teeth post.

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11
Q

Infraorbital a. Pathway

A

. Courses sup. Near maxilla to enter the inf. Orbital fissure
. Courses through infraorbital groove, canal, and foramen
. Gives off ant. Sup. And middle alveolar aa. Which supply upper teeth

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12
Q

Pterygoid plexus of veins

A

. Drains area supplied by maxillary a.
. Connect w/ veins in interior of skull
. Valveless
. Possible routes for transmission

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13
Q

Mandibular division of CN V3

A

Largest division of CN V w/ sensory and motor fibers
. Only division of CN V that has voluntary motor fibers
. Enters infratemporal fossa via foramen ovale
. Otic ganglion (parasympathetic) is attached to it w/in foramen
.

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14
Q

Otic ganglion

A

. Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers conveyed in lesser petrosal n. Synapse
. Postganglionic fibers coveyed by auriculotemporal n. (Branch of CN V3) to parotid gland

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15
Q

Auriculotemporal n.

A

. Branch of V3 that Arises from 2 roots that encircle meningeal a. As it enters foramen spinosum
. Conveys postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from otic ganglion to parotid gland

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16
Q

Inf. Alveolar n.

A

. Branch of V3
. Gives off mylohyoid n. Just prior to mandibular foramen entry
. Courses through mandible supplying sensory innervation to lower teeth, mandible, and lower lip
. Gives off mental n. Providing sensory to chin

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17
Q

Mylohyoid n.

A

, branch of inf. Alveolar n.

. Supplies somatic motor fibers to mylohyoid m. And ant. Belly of digastric m.

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18
Q

Lingual n.

A

. Branch of V3
. Courses deep to mandible to reach tongue
. Joined by chorda tympani (branch of CN VII)
. Conveys general sensory innervation from oral cavity, special sensory to ant. 2/3 tongue, and preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to submandibular and sublingual and mucosal glands of mouth (via chorda tympani)

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19
Q

Chorda tympani

A

. Converts special sensory fibers and preganglionic parasympathetic fibers that synapse in sunbmandibular ganglion

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20
Q

Buccal n.

A

. Branch of V3
. Descends on superficial surface of buccinator
. Sensory to cheek

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21
Q

Muscular branches of V3

A 
. Deep temporal nn. To temporalis 
. Masseteric nn. 
. Nn. To lat. and med. pterygoid mm. 
. N. To tensor tympani 
. N. To tensor veli palatini
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22
Q

TMJ

A

. Synovial joint btw mandibular condyle and temporal bone
. Articular surfaces: mandibular fossa and articular tubercle/process/eminence of temporal bone
. Has intra-articular disc w. Thick post. Band, thin central part, and thick ant. Band
. Disc divides joint into sup. And inf. Compartments
. Sup compartment: gliding motion from head of mandible moving from mandibular fossa to articular part of temporal bone due to action from lat. pterygoid m.
. Inf. Compartment: hinge movement of condylar head

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23
Q

TMJ ligaments

A

. Lat. temporomandibular ligament: runs posteroinf. From zygomatic tubercle to mandibular neck, thickening of fibrous capsule
. Capsule w/ extrinsic ligaments: sphenomandibular and stylomandibular ligaments

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24
Q

Movements of mandible

A

. Depression: open mouth, can’t be fully done unless condyle glides ant. From fossa tp articular tubercle
. Elevation: closing mouth
. Protraction/Retraction: ant./post. Movement, occurs in sup. Compartment
. Lat. deviation to left or right, going to left the contralateral condyle glides ant. While ipsilateral condyle pivots
. Pivoting of condyle about a vertical axis involves sup. Compartment

25
Q

TMJ dislocation

A

. Occurs when opening mouth excessively
. Condyle slips ant. To articular tubercle
. When mm. Elevate the mandible, the condyle jams upward and can’t return to mouth remains open

26
Q

Nasal cavity functions c

A

airway, olfaction, filtration of particulate matter in inspired air, humidification of air, warming and slowing of air, secretions from paranasal air sinuses and nasolacrimal ducts

27
Q

External nose features

A

. Attached to face at it’s root
. Inf. Tip of nose: apex
. Dorsum extends from root to apex
. Inf. Surface has openings (ant. External nares) separated by nasal septum, watch bare bounded by ala

28
Q

Bridge of nose

A

. Sup. Bony part of nose
. Nasal bones
. Frontal processes of maxillae
. Nasal part of frontal bone

29
Q

Cartilaginous parts of nose

A

. 5 main hyaline cartilage
. Lat. (2 of them(
. Alar (2 of them)
. Septal

30
Q

Nasal septum

A

. Partly bony and partly cartilaginous
. Divides nose into 2 narrow nasal cavities
. Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
. Vomer
. Septal cartilage
. Small contributions from nasal crests of palatine and maxillae bone

31
Q

Nasal cavity qualities

A

. Open to exterior through ant. nares and open to nasopharynx post. Through choanae (post./internal nares)
. Vestibule: dialed portion of nasal cavity immediately sup. To ant. Nares lined w/ vibrissae (coarse hairs) that prevent material from getting in
. Has olfactory (sup. 1/3) and respiratory regions (inf. 2/3)

32
Q

Boundaries of nasal cavity

A

. Med. wall: smooth nasal septum, vomer, perpendicular plate of ethmoid, sepal cartilage
. Floor: palatine process of maxilla and horizontal plate of palatine bone covered w/ mucous membrane
. Roof: narrow, frontonasal, ethmoidal, and sphenoidal parts
. Lat. wall: uneven, 3 conchae/turbinates covered w/ mucous membranes sup. One is round and small part of ethmoid, middle is larger and part of ethmoid, inf. Is largest and is a separate bone

33
Q

Nasal meatus

A

. Space inf. And lat. to each concha

. Receive Ostia (openings) of paranasal sinuses and nasolacrimal duct

34
Q

Sup. Nasal meatus

A

. Narrow space btw sup. And middle conchae

. Contains Ostia of post. Ethmoidal sinuses

35
Q

Middle nasal meatus

A

. Larger and wider than sup. Meatus
. Btw middle and inf. Conchae
. Contains rounded elevation (ethmoidal bulla) formed by middle ethmoidal sinuses that open onto it
. Inf. To that is a crescent-shaped groove (semilunar hiatus) w/ several Ostia

36
Q

Semilunar hiatus

A

. Ant. Ethmoidal sinuses open ant. Into this groove
. Frontal sinus opens ant. Into it
. Maxillary sinus opens post. Into this

37
Q

Inf. Nasal meatus

A

.space inf. And lat. To inf. Concha

, nasolacrimal duct opens into it

38
Q

Sphenoethmoidal recess

A

. Small space post. And sup. To sup. Concha

. Sphenoidal sinus opens into this meatus

39
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A

. Air-filled extensions of respiratory portion of nasal cavity
. Vary in size and shape in people
. Lined w/ mucous membranes continuous w/ lining of nasal cavities
. Drain directly or indirectly into nasal cavities
. Develop as outgrowths from nasal cavities after birth
. Enlarge in childhood
. Lighten weight of skull
. Frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal, and maxillary sinuses

40
Q

Frontal sinus

A

. Btw inner and outer laminae of frontal bones

. Drains into ant. Portion of semilunar hiatus

41
Q

Ethmoidal sinuses

A

. Small cavities in lat. mass of ethmoid bone
. 3 sets: ant. (Drain into middle meatus), middle (drinks directly into middle meatus along Ostia in ethmoidal bulla
. Post.: drains directly to sup. Meatus

42
Q

Sphenoidal sinus

A

. Located in body of sphenoid bone

. Drains into sphenoethmoidal recess

43
Q

Maxillary sinus

A

. Pyramidal shaped cavities that occupy entire bodies of maxillae
. Largest of paranasal sinuses
. Drain into middle meatus through semilunar hiatus
. Opening of sinuses are at sup. Aspect of the sinus
. Prone to infection due to difficulty in draining these sinuses

44
Q

Sphenopalatine a.

A

. Branch of maxillary a.
. Enters nasal cavity through sphenopalatine foramen
. Sends branches to post. Regions of lat. nasal wall and nasal septum
. Anastomoses w/ branches of greater palatine a.

45
Q

Greater palatine a.

A

. Branch of descending palatine a. From maxillary a.
. Courses inf. Through greater palatine canal and foramen
. Runs ant. On hard palate
. Passes sup. Through incisive foramen to supply nasal septum

46
Q

Ant. And post. Ethmoidal aa.

A

. Branches of ophthalmic a.

. Supply anterosup. Part of lat. nasal wall and nasal septum as the ant. Lat. nasal and ant. Septal nasal branches

47
Q

Facial a. Contribution to nasal cavity

A

.ant. Parts of nasal mucosa

48
Q

Venous supply to nasal cavity

A

. Some drain int sphenopalatine v. And then into pterygoid plexus
. Some drain into facial, infraorbital, and ophthalmic vv.s that drain into cavernous venous dural sinus

49
Q

Epistaxis

A

. Nasal hemorrhage

. Common due to rich vascularization of mucosa

50
Q

Innervation of olfactory region of nose

A

. Axons of olfactory cells from CN I

. Pass through cribiform plate

51
Q

Innervation of respiratory portion of nose

A

. CN V1: ant. Ethmoidal n. Is branch of nasociliary that enters nasal cavity through ant. Ethmoidal foramen to give branches to nasal septum and lat. nasal wall
. Ant. Continuation of ant. Ethmoidal n… is external nasal n. Giving cutaneous feeling to nose apex
. V2 branches from pterygopalatine ganglion: post. Sup. And post. Inf. (From greater palatine n.) Nasal branches supply lat. Wall, nasopalatine n. In groove in vomer to nasal septum then continues on mouth roof via incisive foramen

52
Q

Pterygopalatine fossa

A

. Small triangular space inf. To apex of orbit
. Located tw pterygoid process of sphenoid bone post. And palatine med. and maxilla ant.
. Directly continuous lat. w/ infratemporal fossa through pterygomaxillary fissure
.

53
Q

Pterygopalatine fossa openings

A

. pterygomaxillary fissure (opens lat. to infratemporal fossa)
. sphenopalatine foramen (opens med. to nasal cavity)
. greater palatine canal (opens inf. To roof of mouth)
. inf. Orbital fissure (opens ant. To floor of orbit))
. Pterygoid canal (opens post. To foramen lacerum)
. Foramen rotundum: opens post. To middle cranial fossa
. Pharyngeal canal: opens post. To pharynx

54
Q

Contents of pterygopalatine fossa

A

. Portion of maxillary division of V2
. Pterygopalatine ganglion
. Terminal portion of maxillary a.

55
Q

Branches of V2 w/in pterygopalatine fossa

A

. Zygomatic n.
. Greater and less palatine nn.
. Post. Sup. Nasal nn. (Med./lat. nasal walls)
. Nasopalatine nn. (Med./lat nasal walls)
. Pharyngeal n.

56
Q

Zygomatic n.

A

. Exits pterygopalatine fossa via inf. Orbital fissure and splits into zygomaticofacial n. And zygomaticotemporal nn. That supply sensory innervation to the lat. cheek and temple
. Zygomaticotemporal n. Will also carry postganglionic parasympathetic fibers which arise in pterygopalatine ganglion and will go to lacrimal gland

57
Q

Greater and lesser palatine nn.

A

. Descend to palate via same named canals and foramina

. Post. Inf. Nasal branches to lat. nasal wall off greater palatine n. Distribute to inf. Portion of lat. nasal wall

58
Q

Pharyngeal n.

A

. Exits fossa via pharyngeal canal

. Innervates mucous membranes of the nasopharynx post. To auditory tube

59
Q

Branches of V2 w/in the orbit

A

. Maxillary n. Gives off post. Sup. Alveolar nn. Which supply the gums and molar teeth
. Maxillary n. Enters the infraorbital canal and becomes the infraorbital n.
. Gives off middle and ant. Sup. Alveolar nn. To supply the upper teeth
. Infraorbital n. Will emerge via infraorbital foramen to supply lower eyelid, nose, and skin and mucosa of the cheek and upper lip

Anatomy (49 decks)

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