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Anatomy > Circulatory System Overview > Flashcards

Circulatory System Overview Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

. Transports blood throughout body

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2
Q

Lymphatic system

A

. Transports lymph from the body’s tissues to venous system

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3
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

. Build up of cholesterol plaques in arteries
. Form of arteriosclerosis
. Lead to thrombus that can occlude artery or enter bloodstream to block smaller vessels (embolus)

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4
Q

Aneurysm

A

Bulging of arterial walls

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5
Q

Aortic dissection

A

Tearing of vessel wall w/ blood flowing between layers of vessel

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6
Q

Varicose veins

A

Bulging of venous walls

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7
Q

Thrombosis

A

Formation of blood clots

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8
Q

Layers of arteries and veins

A

. tunica intima: innermost endothelium
. Tunica media: intermediate smooth muscle layer w/ collagen and elastic fibers
. Tunica adventitia: outermost CT layer

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9
Q

Large arteries

A

. Directly receive cardiac output are have v high pressure

. High collagen and numbers of elastic filaments in tunica media allow it to stretch w/ cardiac output

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10
Q

Medium arteries

A

. Muscular/distributing aa.
. Smaller vessels that draw blood from elastic arteries
. Able to vasoconstriction regulating blood flow to different regions

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11
Q

Small arteries

A

. Narrow lumen w/ thicker walls

. Distribute blood to arterioles

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12
Q

Arterioles

A

. Regulate blood flow into capillary beds by constricting or dilating
. Not named

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13
Q

Anastomoses

A

. Connections between multiple arterial branches that provide potential detours for blood flow more distal in case normal pathways are interrupted (collateral circulation)

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14
Q

Terminal arteries

A

. Don’t anastomose w/ anything

. Only supply of oxygenated blood to a tissue

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15
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Thickening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls

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16
Q

Veins compared with arteries in blood volume

A

. Veins more numerous and variable than arteries
. 60-80% blood volume in veins
. Larger lumina and thinner walls

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17
Q

Venae comitantes (accompanying veins)

A

. 2+ veins with single artery that form branching network around artery
. Arrangement plus gravity and extrinsic muscular contractions propel venous blood forward (arteriovenous pump)

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18
Q

Venues

A

Smallest veins that drain capillary beds (unnamed)

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19
Q

Small and medium veins

A

. Drain venous plexuses and accompany medium arteries

. Medium located in limbs w/ venous valves

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20
Q

Large veins

A

. Receive blood from medium veins
. Valves variable
. 1 large vein per 1 large artery

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21
Q

Blood capillaries

A

. Arranged I capillary beds w/in tissue
. Site of gas and nutrient exchange btw blood vessels and body tissues
. Composed of single layer endothelium
. Blood capillaries connect arterioles and venules

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22
Q

Arteriovenous anastomoses (AVA)

A

. Direct connections btw arterioles and venules in some regions
. Blood bypasses capillaries to pass directly from arterial to venous circulation
. also called shunts, popular in skin o conserve body heat

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23
Q

Portal venous system

A

. Links 2 capillary beds so blood passes through 2 capillary beds before returning to heart

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24
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

. Low O2 blood returns from system circulation to RA -> RV -> pulmonary arteries to lungs -> pulmonary vein -> LA

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25
Q

Systemic circulation

A

. High O2 blood in LA -> LV -> aorta -> body -> returned to heart via vena cavas

26
Q

Head and brain aortic subdivision

A

Aortic arch

27
Q

Head and brain large arteries

A

Brachiocephalic trunks -> common carotid aa. And vertebral artery

28
Q

Upper limbs aortic subdivision

A

Aortic arch

29
Q

Upper limbs large arteries

A

Brachiocephalic trunk (right side only)

30
Q

Upper limbs medium arteries

A

Subclavian aa -> axillary aa.

L. Side

31
Q

Heart aortic subdivision

A

. Ascending aorta

32
Q

Pelvic organs aortic subdivision

A

Abdominal aorta

33
Q

Pelvic organs large arteries

A

. Common iliac aa.

34
Q

Lower limbs aortic subdivision

A

Abdominal aorta

35
Q

Lower limb large arteries

A

Common iliac aa.

36
Q

Head and brain tributaries of the ___

A

Internal jugular via.

37
Q

Head and brain medium vein and canal subdivision

A

. Brachiocephalic via.

. Sup. Vena cava

38
Q

Upper limbs tributaries of the ___

A

Subclavian vv.

39
Q

Upper limb medium vein and canal subdivision

A

. Brachiocephalic vv

. Sup. Vena cava

40
Q

Pelvis organs tributaries of the ____

A

Internal iliac v.

41
Q

Pelvic organs medium vein and canal subdivision

A

. Common iliac vv.

. Inf. Vena cava

42
Q

Lower limbs tributaries of the ____

A

External iliac vv.

43
Q

Lower limbs medium vein and canal subdivisions

A

Common iliac vv

Inf. Vena cava

44
Q

Function of lymphatic system

A

. Forms accessory pathway to return excess interstitial fluid (lymph) and proteins from body’s tissues to venous circulation

45
Q

How many liters of lymph are returned to cardiovascular system per day?

A

3 liters

46
Q

Lymph nodes

A

. House immune response cells

47
Q

Lymphatic capillaries

A

. Blind-ended

. Drain lymph from extracellular spaces of tissues except CNS, meninges, marrow, and avascular tissues

48
Q

Lacteals

A

. Lymphatic capillaries in small intestine

. Drains chyle (lymph w/ digested fats from GI)

49
Q

Lymphatic collecting vessels

A

. Superficial vessels drain into deep lymph vessels that accompany arteries
. Deep vessels drain internal organs
. Have thin walls and large number of internal valves to keep lymph flow unidirectional

50
Q

Lymph trunks

A

. Converging lymph vessels that drain major body areas

51
Q

Right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct location

A

. Occurs when lymph trunks unite and join the venous system near heart

52
Q

Thoracic duct

A

. Drains lymph into venous system at junction of L subclavian and L. Internal jugular veins
. Receives lymph from lower limbs, pelvic walls, abdominal and pelvic walls, abdominal and pelvic organs, and L. Thoracic wall

53
Q

Cisterna chyli

A

. Dilated sac at inf. End of thoracic duct inf. To thoracoabdominal diaphragm
. Receives fatty chyle from intestines and liver to act as conduit for lipid products of digestion

54
Q

Right lymphatic duct

A

. Drains lymph into venous system at junction of the R. Internal jugular and R. Subclavian vein
. Receives lymph from upper right quadrant of body ( R. Side of head/neck, R. Thorax, an R. Upper limb)

55
Q

Major lymph node clusters

A 
. Head and neck
. Tracheal
. Axillary
. Deep nodes along aorta
. Inguinal and femoral
56
Q

Head and neck node characteristics

A

. Superficial and deep horizontal rings around base of head
. Superficial cervical (along external jugular veins) and deep cervical (along internal jugular veins) chains on either side of neck
. Drain directly or indirectly into deep cervical nodes

57
Q

T/F Lymph is under high pressure

A

F, under low pressure

58
Q

Intrinsic contractions

A

. When vessel between 2 successive valves fills w/ lymph, smooth muscle of vessel contracts and prox. Valve opens so lymph flows to next segment
. Results in each segment of lymph vessel acting like pump between successive valves

59
Q

Extrinsic contractions

A

. Contraction of surrounding muscles, arterial pulsation, and compression of tissues by outside forces compress/pump lymph vessels

60
Q

Lymphedema

A

. Accumulation of lymph in interstitial spaces that initiates inflammatory rxn causing fibrosis and degeneration of CT
. Can occur from abnormal vessel development, trauma, surgery, radiation

Anatomy (49 decks)

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