Viruses

Question 1

non-cellular

Answer 1

no nucles or cell organelles but do have nucleic acid

Question 2

Obligate parasite

Answer 2

can only live and reproduce on or inside a living host causing harm to the host

Question 3

antibiotic

Answer 3

chemicals made by bacteria or fungi to kill bacteria or inhibit their growth

Question 4

Antibiotic resistance

Answer 4

microrganisms do not die in the presence of an antibiotic due to misuse

Question 5

Vaccine

Answer 5

a small quantity of an inactive virus (non-disease causing) tht will stimulate an immune response.A form of artificial active long term immunity

Question 6

Vaccinations

Answer 6

adminstrtion (injection) of inactive virus (non-disese causing) that will stimulate an immune response. A form of artificial ctive long term immunity.

Question 7

What are the possible shapes of viruses

Answer 7

Round, Rod, Complex

Question 8

What are the two main biochemical components of a virus structure

Answer 8

Protein, DNA/ RNA

Question 9

How long does typical replication cycle for Viruses take

Answer 9

30mins

Question 9

name the method in which Viruses reproduce

Answer 9

Viral replication

Question 10

outline stages in Viral replication

Answer 10

attchmentVirus attaches to the host cell
EntryVirus pierces a hole in the membrne of the host cell.DNA enters host cell.Protein coat remains outside.
Synthesishost nucleic acid is deactivted.The viral nucleic uses the host’s organelles to produce new viral nucleic cid nd protein coats.
Assembly New virus are made inside the host cell using the newy created viral biomolecules.
ReleaseThe host cell bursts in a process clled lysis.

Question 11

Arguments for virus being alive

Answer 11

Contain genetic material
they can replicate (within a cell)
respond to stimuli, such as contact to a living cell wall

Question 12

Arguments for Viruses being non-living

Answer 12

Non cellular
do not contain organelles
contain DNA or RNA but not both

Question 13

State two beneficial uses of viruses

Answer 13

Production of vacceines,
Vectors in engetic engenering

Question 14

State the some dieases viruses can cause

Answer 14

AIDS - HIV
Polio- Poliovirus
Tobacco Mosaic disease- mosaic virus
rabies- RABV virus
Cowpox- cowpox virus

Question 15

Explain a consequence of the misuse of antibiotics

Answer 15

Misuse will cause the surviving bacteria to adapt through mutations and wont die when treated with an antibiotic in the future.

Question 16

Why cannot antibiotics be used to treat a viral infection

Answer 16

Viruses cannot be treated with antibiotics.Antibiotics work by interfering with bacterial replication to kill or inhibit the specific bactrium.Viruses cant reproduce in the convential sense nor do they have cell membranes or orgnelles. Viruses are not affected by antibiotics. There is no effect using antibiotics to treat a viral infection

Question 17

Explain how a vaccine works

Answer 17

Introducing a inactive (non-disease causing) form of the virus will stimulate a immune
response through the process known as vaccination. The body’s natural defence system will be able
to kill without any other form of help. Once the body has destroyed a virus once, its memory
(memory T cells) will remember this and be able to destroy the virus again if it attacks in larger
numbers.

Question 18

Example of the bodys general defense

Answer 18

Physical barriers,skin, mucus in airways

Question 19

Example of the bodys specific defence

Answer 19

Specific deffence systems, immune cells provide antibodies that attach to viruses either penetrating it or marking it for removal