Viruses Flashcards
non-cellular
no nucles or cell organelles but do have nucleic acid
Obligate parasite
can only live and reproduce on or inside a living host causing harm to the host
antibiotic
chemicals made by bacteria or fungi to kill bacteria or inhibit their growth
Antibiotic resistance
microrganisms do not die in the presence of an antibiotic due to misuse
Vaccine
a small quantity of an inactive virus (non-disease causing) tht will stimulate an immune response.A form of artificial active long term immunity
Vaccinations
adminstrtion (injection) of inactive virus (non-disese causing) that will stimulate an immune response. A form of artificial ctive long term immunity.
What are the possible shapes of viruses
Round, Rod, Complex
What are the two main biochemical components of a virus structure
Protein, DNA/ RNA
How long does typical replication cycle for Viruses take
30mins
name the method in which Viruses reproduce
Viral replication
outline stages in Viral replication
attchmentVirus attaches to the host cell
EntryVirus pierces a hole in the membrne of the host cell.DNA enters host cell.Protein coat remains outside.
Synthesishost nucleic acid is deactivted.The viral nucleic uses the host’s organelles to produce new viral nucleic cid nd protein coats.
Assembly New virus are made inside the host cell using the newy created viral biomolecules.
ReleaseThe host cell bursts in a process clled lysis.
Arguments for virus being alive
Contain genetic material
they can replicate (within a cell)
respond to stimuli, such as contact to a living cell wall
Arguments for Viruses being non-living
Non cellular
do not contain organelles
contain DNA or RNA but not both
State two beneficial uses of viruses
Production of vacceines,
Vectors in engetic engenering
State the some dieases viruses can cause
AIDS - HIV
Polio- Poliovirus
Tobacco Mosaic disease- mosaic virus
rabies- RABV virus
Cowpox- cowpox virus
Explain a consequence of the misuse of antibiotics
Misuse will cause the surviving bacteria to adapt through mutations and wont die when treated with an antibiotic in the future.
Why cannot antibiotics be used to treat a viral infection
Viruses cannot be treated with antibiotics.Antibiotics work by interfering with bacterial replication to kill or inhibit the specific bactrium.Viruses cant reproduce in the convential sense nor do they have cell membranes or orgnelles. Viruses are not affected by antibiotics. There is no effect using antibiotics to treat a viral infection
Explain how a vaccine works
Introducing a inactive (non-disease causing) form of the virus will stimulate a immune
response through the process known as vaccination. The body’s natural defence system will be able
to kill without any other form of help. Once the body has destroyed a virus once, its memory
(memory T cells) will remember this and be able to destroy the virus again if it attacks in larger
numbers.
Example of the bodys general defense
Physical barriers,skin, mucus in airways
Example of the bodys specific defence
Specific deffence systems, immune cells provide antibodies that attach to viruses either penetrating it or marking it for removal
