The endocrine system Flashcards

1
Q

Exocrine

A

ducted glands, tubes that carry products secreted by glands. eg kidney

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2
Q

Horomone

A

protein that carries chemical messages arounf the human body dissolved in blood

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3
Q

endocrine

A

ductless glands,screte hormones into blood

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4
Q

feedback mechnism

A

when the horomone controls the level of itself or another hormone in the blood or the amount produced in a gland

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5
Q

Postive feedback mechanism

A

production of one horomone increases the production of a second horomone by a gland

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6
Q

Negative feedback mechanism

A

the production of the second horomone (thyroxine) results in the decrease of the first hormone (tsh) by a gland

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7
Q

Explain negative feebnack loops

A

Hormone levels are controlled by negative feedback loops. the net effect of this control is that normals levels inhibit hormone productions and reduced leves stimulate horomone production

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8
Q

Explain an example of a feedback mechanism

A

high levels of TSH (thyroid-stimulating horomonr) increase production of thyroxide by a gland.High levels of Thyroxine now cause a decrease of TSH on the pitutary gland.

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9
Q

Describe the nervous system and why it is different to the endocine system

A

The nervous sustem is fast and uses electrochemical signals to send messages to specific parts of the body. Hormones have a slow response time and carry chemical messanges aroud the body to the target area

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10
Q

Which glands produce horones

A

endocrine glands

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11
Q

What are horomones

A

made of proteins, carry chemical massages,made by endocrine glands, transported around the human body in the blood to a target area, act in a another, slow response time,long lasting effect, similar to growth hormones in plants

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12
Q

What is the pituitary gland

A

main endocine gland

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13
Q

where is the pituitary gland

A

brain

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14
Q

Name hormones produced by the pitutary gland

A

(FSH) follicle stimulating horomone - stimulate egg and sperm production

Luteinising hormone (LH)-ovulation

(THS) thyrois stimulating hormone- stimulates thyroid to produce thyroxide

(GH) Growth hormone

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15
Q

Name the gland, hormone and function of the hormone produced in the gland in the troat, on the trachea

A

The Thyroid gland produces thyroxine. It regulates metabolism and controls growth and development.

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16
Q

Name the gland, hormone and function of the hormone produced in the pancreas (endocrine)

A

Islets of langerhans, produce insulin which regulate sugar levels in cells in blood

17
Q

Name the gland, hormone and function of the hormone produced in the top of kidneys

A

adrenal gland, produces adrealine, the stress hormone, flight or fight

18
Q

Name the gland, hormone and function of the hormone produced in the gland behind sternum

A

Thymus produces thymosin which matures lymphocytes

19
Q

Name the gland, hormone and function of the hormone produced in the thyroid

A

parathyroid produces parathormone which regulates blood and calcium levels

20
Q

The pancreas acts as both an endocine gland and a exocrine gland, name the hormones produced by both and their functions

A

endocine- islets of langerhand (insulin)
exocrine pancreas- lipase (releases amylase into GI tract)

21
Q

What does the hypothalamus do

A

The hypothalamus links nervous and the endocine system

22
Q

Name the deficiency distorders to do with the thyroid

A

hypothyroidism (underactive)
tirdness, lack of energy, weight gain, cold
caused by not enough thyroxine produced
treated by thyroxine tablets

Hyperthyroidism (overactive)
weight loss, hunger, heat production and nervousness
caused by overproduction of thyroxine
treated by surgically removing part of thyroid and kill using radioactive iodine

23
Q

Deficiency disorder caused by lack of insuline

A

diabetes
excessive thirst, high blood sugar and tirdness
treated with insuline injections and controlled carbohydrate intake

24
Q

Name artifical uses of horomone

A

insulin injections- controls severe diabeties
anabolic steroides - artificial male hormone testosterone used to increase mucle mass (long term effects include: kidney complications, bladness and shrinking testerone)
Treatment of hormone defciencies thyroxine tablets for hyprothyroidism