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Plant structure and transport Flashcards

1
Q

Tissue

A

a group of similar cells working together to carry out a specific function

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2
Q

dermal tissue

A

tissue for protection

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3
Q

ground tissue

A

tissue for support and structure

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4
Q

vascular tissue

A

tissue for transport

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5
Q

xylem

A

vascular tissue that transports water

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6
Q

phloem

A

vascular tissue that transports food

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7
Q

organ

A

a group of similar tissues working together to carry out a specific function

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8
Q

stomata

A

opening on the lower surface of a leaf involved in gaseous exchange

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9
Q

lenticels

A

opening in the stem involved in gasous exchange

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10
Q

cotyledon

A

a seed leaf

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11
Q

dicotyledon

A

two seed leaf

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12
Q

active transport

A

movement of molecules from an area of low molecule conc to an area of high molecule conc against a concentration gradient. It is asn active process and requires energy

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13
Q

root pressure

A

force exerted by roots to pull water is a upward direction against the force of gravity

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14
Q

adhesion

A

attraction of water molecules to the walls of the xyleom vessels

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15
Q

cohesion

A

attraction o water molecules to eachother through the presence of hydrogen bonding

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16
Q

transpiration

A

loss of excess water from the lower surface of the leaf

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17
Q

transpiration stream

A

pathway of water through a plant from root to leaf

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18
Q

Types of plant tissue

A

dermal tissue:
Outside layer for production
Ground layer:
Builking agest lies inside dermal tissue and contains vascular tissue
vascular tissue:
contain vascular bundles involved in transport of materials in a plant.
Xylem: transport water
phloem: transports food

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19
Q

3 types of root

A

tap: one main root from which others developed
fibrous: no definite main root,all similar
Adverntrious : develops from stem

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20
Q

Functions of roots

A

anchorage
absorb water and minerals from the soil ( root hairs)
store food in some plants

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21
Q

How are roots adapted to their function

A

Large surface due to root hairs
wall of root hair 1 cell thick
presence of osmotic gradient

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22
Q

Name the zones of the root

A

zone of differentiation
zone of elongation
zone of cell production/meristematic zone
zone of production

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23
Q

decribe the zone of differentitaion

A

cells organise into function

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24
Q

decribe the zone of elongation

A

maturing of cell produced in meristem

25
zone of cell production/ meristematic zone
new cell formed by mitosis
26
zone of protection
protects the tip of the root as it grows
27
what is the stem
main part of the shoot
28
node
location of stem where leaf converts into stem
29
internode
region between two nodes
30
bud (sepal)
Protects flower
31
flower
involved in reproduction
32
pentiole
shoot of th eleaf
33
Functions of the stem
transports food, waste and water aerial support (avoid competition) may store food (potatoes) photosynthesis( ground tissue)
34
what does cotyedon mean
seed leaf
35
what is monocotydon
1 seed leaf
36
what is a dicotyledon
2 seed leaf
37
compare a monocotyledon with dicotyedon
**monocotyledon** parallel vein structure fibrous root lenght scatted vascular bundles petals in mulitables of 3 eg daffodil, grass **Dicotyledon** netted,webbed vein structure tap root type vascular bundles arragnged in ring around center petals in mulitables of and 4 buttercup, oak
38
what does xylem transport and where does it transport to and from
Water (root to leaves)
39
what does phloem transport and where does it transport to and from
Food/glucose (everywhere)
40
Name the two types of Xylem tissues
vessel, tracheid
41
Name the features of a vessel
thick lignin walls (support) in a sprial. Xylem is a dead tissue.Pits on the side allow movement of water between vessles
42
decribe a tracheid
long sloaping tapered cells. they are hollow. Thick lignin walls for support in a sprial. Pits on the side allow for movement of water between vessels.
43
Desdcribe phloem
sieve tubes : long tubes,cell plates at each end, walls of cellulose and transports food. Companion cell: contains nucleus controls sieve tube
44
Name the ways that food can be stored in plants
roots-taproots swell, carrot stem- potatoes petioles-celery leaves-onions form bulbs
45
why do plants produce food
food is used the following year to produce leaves flowers and fruit
46
Describe the expeirment of eximation of a dicot stem
* Use carrot pith to support the stem for cutting. * Cut the stem at right angles to the stem, away from the body.Pick up sample using wet painbrush. * Thin sample makes it easier for light to pass through. * place cover slip @ angle * use iodine as dye * use course focus knob to bring it into focus, change to stronger lens * to fine focus knob to sharpen image results: vascular tissue presents as bundles and arranged in a ring around the centre
47
Who worked on the transpiration streme
joly and dixon
48
root pressure
pushes forces water upwards under the forve of gravity
49
materials to be transported in a plant
**Water** from soil to roots via osmosis from roots to shoots against force of gravity using adhesion and cohesion **Minerals** Ca celll walls Mg choroplants (green colour) **Food** glucose **Gasses** oxygen and CO2 enter and leave in stomata
50
reasons for loss of water in plants
high rate of transpiration high rate of photosynthesis
51
what is the transpiration streme
pathway of water through a plant
52
describe the transpiration stream
* conc of wtater is lower inside root then in the surrounding soil. * water is taken in the root(across slelctively permable membrane)Root pressure forces water upwards. * water moves across grounf tissue in vascular tissue (Xylem) by diffusion.- against force of gravity * travels up stem due to a cohesion/adhesion tension model,lignin prevents the xylem from collapsing * excess water is released into stomsphere via stomata
53
what is turgidity
the firm state of the plant cell due to the force of the cytoplasm against the cell wall.
54
Name the features/ structures in a leaf
Waxy cuticle( prevents H2O evaporation) Dermal tissue Upper epidermis Palisade layer( cells arranged vertically for increased light exposure between light+chlorophyll) Vascular tissue Spongy Mesophyll( adaptive feature,loosely packed cells) Guard cells
55
Functions of a leaf
Photosynthesis ( chloroplast) Transpiration: loss of excess water from lower surface of a leaf Food storage- onions
56
Describe the waxy cuticle
Found on top surface, Makes leaf waterproof Water can’t enter in via leaf
57
Describe the stomata
Openings on the bottom of the leaf. Allow for the loss of excess water from a plant Protected by guard cells
58
What is the size of the stomata affected by
Co2 Conc (Transpiration is high when Co2) is low Humidity
59
Describe the role of guard cells
When they absorb H2O the stomata opens , allows Co2 in When H2O moves out, they lose water and close the stomata Guard cells change shape to absorb water and swell to open stoma

Biology (33 decks)

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