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Biology > Plant structure and transport > Flashcards

Plant structure and transport Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Tissue

A

a group of similar cells working together to carry out a specific function

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2
Q

dermal tissue

A

tissue for protection

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3
Q

ground tissue

A

tissue for support and funcion

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4
Q

vascular tissue

A

tissue for transport

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5
Q

xylem

A

vascular tissue that transports water

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6
Q

phloem

A

vascular tissue that transports food

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7
Q

organ

A

a group of similar tissues working together to carry out a specific function

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8
Q

stomata

A

opening on the lower surface of a leaf involved in gaseous exchange

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9
Q

lenticels

A

opening in the stem involved in gasous exchange

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10
Q

cotyledon

A

a seed leaf

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11
Q

dicotyledon

A

two seed leaf

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12
Q

active transport

A

movement of molecules from an area of low molecule conc to an area of high molecule conc against a concentration gradient. It is asn active process and requires energy

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13
Q

root pressure

A

force exerted by roots to pull water is a upward direction against the force of gravity

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14
Q

adhesion

A

attraction of water molecules to the walls of the xyleom vessels

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15
Q

cohesion

A

attraction o water molecules to eachother through the presence of hydrogen bonding

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16
Q

transpiration

A

loss of excess water from the lower surface of the leaf

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17
Q

transpiration stream

A

pathway of water through a plant from root to leaf

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18
Q

Types of plant tissue

A

dermal tissue:
Outside layer for production
Ground layer:
Builking agest lies inside dermal tissue and contains vascular tissue
vascular tissue:
contain vascular bundles involved in transport of materials in a plant.
Xylem: transport water
phloem: transports food

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19
Q

3 types of root

A

tap: one main root from which others developed
fibrous: no definite main root,all similar
Adverntrious : develops from stem

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20
Q

Functions of roots

A

anchorage
absorb water and minerals from the soil ( root hairs)
store food in some plants

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21
Q

How are roots adapted to their function

A

Large surface due to root hairs
wall of root hair 1 cell thick
presence of osmotic gradient

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22
Q

Name the zones of the root

A

zone of differentiation
zone of elongation
zone of cell production/meristematic zone
zone of production

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23
Q

decribe the zone of differentitaion

A

cells organise into function

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24
Q

decribe the zone of elongation

A

maturing of cell produced in meristem

25
Q

zone of cell production/ meristematic zone

A

new cell formed by mitosis

26
Q

zone of protection

A

protects the tip of the root as it grows

27
Q

what is the stem

A

main part of the shoot

28
Q

node

A

location of stem where leaf converts into stem

29
Q

internode

A

region between two nodes

30
Q

bud (sepal)

A

Protects flower

31
Q

flower

A

involved in reproduction

32
Q

pentiole

A

shoot of th eleaf

33
Q

Functions of the stem

A

transports food, waste and water
aerial support (avoid competition)
may store food (potatoes)
photosynthesis( ground tissue)

34
Q

what does cotyedon mean

A

seed leaf

35
Q

what is monocotydon

A

1 seed leaf

36
Q

what is a dicotyledon

A

2 seed leaf

37
Q

compare a monocotyledon with dicotyedon

A

monocotyledon
parallel vein structure
fibrous root lenght
scatted vascular bundles
petals in mulitables of 3
eg daffodil, grass

Dicotyledon
netted,webbed vein structure
tap root type
vascular bundles arragnged in ring around center
petals in mulitables of and 4
buttercup, oak

38
Q

what does xylem transport and where does it transport to and from

A

Water (root to leaves)

39
Q

what does phloem transport and where does it transport to and from

A

Food/glucose (everywhere)

40
Q

Name the two types of Xylem tissues

A

vessel, tracheid

41
Q

Name the features of a vessel

A

thick lignin walls (support) in a sprial.
Xylem is a dead tissue.Pits on the side allow movement of water between vessles

42
Q

decribe a tracheid

A

long sloaping tapered cells. they are hollow. Thick lignin walls for support in a sprial.
Pits on the side allow for movement of water between vessels.

43
Q

Desdcribe phloem

A

sieve tubes : long tubes,cell plates at each end, walls of cellulose and transports food.
Companion cell:
contains nucleus controls sieve tube

44
Q

Name the ways that food can be stored in plants

A

roots-taproots swell, carrot
stem- potatoes
petioles-celery
leaves-onions form bulbs

45
Q

why do plants produce food

A

food is used the following year to produce leaves flowers and fruit

46
Q

Describe the expeirment of eximation of a dicot stem

A
  • Use carrot pith to support the stem for cutting.
  • Cut the stem at right angles to the stem, away from the body.Pick up sample using wet painbrush.
  • Thin sample makes it easier for light to pass through.
  • place cover slip @ angle
  • use iodine as dye
  • use course focus knob to bring it into focus, change to stronger lens
  • to fine focus knob to sharpen image

results: vascular tissue presents as bundles and arranged in a ring around the centre

47
Q

Who worked on the transpiration streme

A

joly and dixon

48
Q

root pressure

A

pushes forces water upwards under the forve of gravity

49
Q

materials to be transported in a plant

A

Water
from soil to roots via osmosis
from roots to shoots against force of gravity using adhesion and cohesion
Minerals
Ca celll walls
Mg choroplants (green colour)

Food
glucose

Gasses
oxygen and CO2
enter and leave in stomata

50
Q

reasons for loss of water in plants

A

high rate of transpiration
high rate of photosynthesis

51
Q

what is the transpiration streme

A

pathway of water through a plant

52
Q

describe the transpiration stream

A
  • conc of wtater is lower inside root then in the surrounding soil.
  • water is taken in the root(across slelctively permable membrane)Root pressure forces water upwards.
  • water moves across grounf tissue in vascular tissue (Xylem) by diffusion.- against force of gravity
  • travels up stem due to a cohesion/adhesion tension model,lignin prevents the xylem from collapsing
  • excess water is released into stomsphere via stomata
53
Q

what is turgidity

A

the firm state of the plant cell due to the force of the cytoplasm against the cell wall.

54
Q

Name the features/ structures in a leaf

A

Waxy cuticle( prevents H2O evaporation)
Dermal tissue
Upper epidermis
Palisade layer( cells arranged vertically for increased light exposure between light+chlorophyll)
Vascular tissue
Spongy Mesophyll( adaptive feature,loosely packed cells)
Guard cells

55
Q

Functions of a leaf

A

Photosynthesis ( chloroplast)
Transpiration: loss of excess water from lower surface of a leaf
Food storage- onions

56
Q

Describe the waxy cuticle

A

Found on top surface,
Makes leaf waterproof
Water can’t enter in via leaf

57
Q

Describe the stomata

A

Openings on the bottom of the leaf.
Allow for the loss of excess water from a plant
Protected by guard cells

58
Q

What is the size of the stomata affected by

A

Co2 Conc (Transpiration is high when Co2) is low
Humidity

59
Q

Describe the role of guard cells

A

When they absorb H2O the stomata opens , allows Co2 in
When H2O moves out, they lose water and close the stomata
Guard cells change shape to absorb water and swell to open stoma

Biology (29 decks)

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