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Biology > Excretion > Flashcards

Excretion Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is ADH

A

Anti- diuretic hormone

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2
Q

Deanination

A

Conversion of excess amino acids into urea

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3
Q

What is an Endocrine glad

A

A gland that does not have a duct ( tube) coming out of it

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4
Q

What is a exocrine gland

A

A gland that has a tube (duct) coming out of it

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5
Q

Egestion

A

Removal of undigested food material

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6
Q

Excretion

A

Removal of the waste products of metabolism

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7
Q

Filtration

A

Removal of materials from the blood

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8
Q

Glomerular filtrate

A

Content of the blood that has passed through the glomerulus

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9
Q

Homeostasis

A

The maintenance of a constant internal environment in a living organism

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10
Q

Osmoregulation

A

Maintaining a constant water level in a living organism

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11
Q

Reabsorption

A

Returning of filtered material to the blood

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12
Q

Name the source, site of excretion, how it’s made and the excretory product of the organs of excretion.

A

Protein-Kidneys-filtration and reabsorbtion-urea
Carbs/lipids/proteins-lungs-breathing-Co2 + water Vapor
——-skin-sweating-salts
Excess amino acids- liver-deamination - Bile

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13
Q

Name a method of excretion is plants

A

Gasses diffuse out of stomata/ lenticels

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14
Q

Why is homeostasis so important in a living organism

A

So enzymes in the living organism can work at optimism conditions

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15
Q

Functions of the kidney

A

Execretion
Osmoregulation: maintaining a constant water balance within an organism
Controls PH of body fluids

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16
Q

Where are the kidneys located

A

Abdominal cavity

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17
Q

Name the associated blood supply of the kidney

A

Renal artery (comes from aorta/ linked to afferent arteriole) carries O2 and food to the kidney
Renal vein( goes to the vena Cana /linked to efferent arteriole carries CO2 and waste products away from kidney

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18
Q

What is the purpose of the nefron

A

Increase surface area for filtration and reabsorption

19
Q

How does the nephron aid the filtration and reabsorption process/ what are its adaptive features

A

Having a large surface area for greater filtration and reabsorption
Walls of nefron are one cell thick for faster and easier absorption
Surrounded by a good blood supply for aiding in reabsorption and secretion

20
Q

What is the cortex responsible for

A

Filtration

21
Q

What is the medulla responsible for

A

Reabsorption

22
Q

Describe associated blood supply of the nefron before urine formation

A

Blood enters the kidney via the afferent arteriole ( coming from renal artery) The afferent arteriole is larger than the efferent arteriole so that it creates pressure and forces the blood out the arteriole in high pressure to enter the gllmerulus

23
Q

Describe the process of filtration

A

Some of the contents ( amino acids, glucose, water , salts and urea)is passed through the glomerulus and become known as the glomrulus filtrate. The filtrate is collected by the Bowman’s capsule and passed to the proximal convoluted tube

24
Q

Describe the process of reabsorption

A

The glomerulus filtrate is mostly absorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule . expect Urea
Glucose, AA, vitamins are reabsorbed by active transport and diffusion ( aided by folding scales micro-villi)
Water also reabsorbed by osmosis
Some water(descending loop) and salts(ascending loop) are reabsorbed along the loop of henle

25
Q

Describe secretion

A

H+ is secreted into the filtrate from blood

26
Q

Describe the collecting ducts role in reabsorption

A

Any water which is not reabsorbed is transported via the collecting duct to ureter and transported back to the bladder. ADH can also act here

27
Q

Why is the PCT , loop of henle and DCT surrounded by capillaries

A

Allows for reabsorption of substances into the blood
Secretion of substances from the blood

28
Q

Desctibe how ADH in the kidneys after vigorous exercise

A

high salt conc detected by the hypothalamus of the brain.
sends a message to make ADH in the hypothalamus and the pituartry gland to secrete ADH.
ADH travels to the kidneys and increases the permeability of the nefron wall
large volume of water is reabsorbed by the nefrom back in the blood.
small voulme of concentrated urine produced.

29
Q

what causes ADH to be produced in the hypothalamus

A

salty food/ vigouous exercise / low water intake

30
Q

where is the site of action of ADH

A

Distial convoluted tuble and collecting duct

31
Q

Ectoderm

A

outer germ layer from which the skin arises in embryo development

32
Q

Ectotherm

A

a living organism obtains its heat from its enviorment surrounding and mannot maintain or regulate its own body temperture

33
Q

endotherm

A

living organism that obtains its heat internally from respiration and can regulate its own body temperture

34
Q

germ layer

A

single layer of cells

35
Q

organ

A

a group of similar tissues working together to carry out a specific function

36
Q

piloerection

A

erector muscle contracts and hair shaft stands up. this results in warm air being trapped close to the skin acting as an insulation layer.

37
Q

Role of the skin

A

temperture regulation, protection, excretion, vitamin D produce by the epidermis by sunlight

38
Q

Name the layers / features of skin

A

Adipose tissue
Hair follicle
Erector muscle
Hair shaft
Sebaceous gland
Nerves - attached to sense receptors
Sweat gland
Sweat duct
Sweat pore
Blood vessels
Dermis
Epidermis -(Malpighian layer (mitosis, melanin) granular layer (keratin added) conifers layer ( dead cells brushed away))

39
Q

Name the three main layers and their function

A

Epidermis- protection, vitamin D production
Dermis- temperature regulation, nerve receptors
Adipose tissue- composed of lipids( energy storage and insulation)

40
Q

Explain how skin is involved in temperature regulation when the individual is cold

A

Hypothalamus detects temperature drop

Piloerection is when the hair erector muscle contracts and causes hair to stand upright, trapping warm air close to the skin which acts as a insulation layer

Hypothalamus sends message to pituitary gland to increase blood the thyroxine produced by thyroid

Vasoconstriction blood vessels narrow, reducing heat loss from the skin( less blood passing through blood vessels)

41
Q

Explain how skin is involved in temperature regulation when the individual is warm

A

Sweat glands secrete sweat and heat is lost as it evaporates.
Vasodilation- blood vessels get wider, increasing heat lost from the skin

42
Q

Describe how the skin acts as protection

A

Epidermis is a waterproof barrier preventing entry of pathogens
Melanin protects skin from uv radiation
Sebaceous glands produces sebum oil. Stops skin from drying out and cracking, which is an entry point for pathogens

43
Q

How does the skin act as an sense organ

A

Epidermis contains the receptors for pain, pressure and temperature

Biology (29 decks)

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