Fungi

Question 1

Asexual reproduction

Answer 1

one parent cell involved

Question 2

Bioprocessing

Answer 2

an inductry that is involved in making products using living organisms

Question 3

bioreactor

Answer 3

container or vessle in which biological reactions occour to form a product

Question 4

Budding

Answer 4

asexual reproduction in yeast

Question 5

decomposition

Answer 5

breakdown of dead organic matter. Peformed by decomposers; microrganisms. Different decomposers break down different types of organic matter. Some microrganisms can break down protein while othwes break down carbohydrates

Question 6

Eukaryote

Answer 6

contains membrane bound organelles, has a nucleus

Question 7

Falcultative aerobe/anaerobe

Answer 7

a livning organisms that can grow and live in either the presence or absence of oxygen

Question 8

Fermentation

Answer 8

the production of ethanol by anaerobic respiration using yeast- by product is CO2

Question 9

Hetertroph

Answer 9

living organism that cannot make its own food

Question 10

multicellular

Answer 10

a living organism composed of more than 1 cell

Question 11

What are parasitic fungi, name their role in nature

Answer 11

fungi that lived on or in the presence of living orgnism of a different species and causes harm to the host. Maintains population in nature

Question 12

Prokryote

Answer 12

a living organism that does not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles

Question 13

Saprophyte

Answer 13

a living organism that feeds on dead organic matter. Their role in nature is to return essential nutrients to the soil. Eg break down lignin in wood

Question 14

sexual reproduction

Answer 14

two parents involved

Question 15

sporulation

Answer 15

asexual reproduction in rhizopus using spores

Question 16

unicellular

Answer 16

single celled orgnism

Question 17

preadatory fungi

Answer 17

they trap nemtodes(very small worms) in the soil and comsume them

Question 18

Are fungi prokryotic or eukryotic

Answer 18

Eukaryotic

Question 19

What is a more common name for “Rhizopus”?

Answer 19

Bread mould

Question 20

State the economic benefit and disadvantage of yeast

Answer 20

Alcohol fermentation
Illness and disease

Question 21

State the beneficial economic importance of fungi

Answer 21

Production of antibiotics (penicillin)
Alcohol fermentation (yeast)
Edible foods (mushroom)

Question 22

State the harmful economic importance of fungi

Answer 22

Can cause disease in humans (yeast)
Can cause disease in plants (potato blight)
Dry rot in timber
food spoilage (rhizopus)

Question 23

State the method by which yeast reproduce

Answer 23

Budding

Question 24

Outline the events involved in yeast reproduction

Answer 24

Yeast cellls begin reproducing asexually known as budding.
The parent cells form an outgrowth or’bud’ thst fills with cytoplasm. The nucleus divides by mitosis.
one nucleus moves into the bud. the bud is cut off from the parent cell forming a new genetically ideantical daughter cell.(or rapid budding produces a colony)

Question 25

Once the yeast cell has reproduced, state two events that occur to the offspring

Answer 25

Rapid budding produces a colony or the bud detaches from a parent cell producing a new genentically identical daughter cell.

Question 26

What is the Hyphae

Answer 26

root like structure, walls made up of chitin, anchors rhizopus and aids digestion, location of sexual reproduction

Question 27

What is the Rhizoids

Answer 27

Immature Hyphe (anchor Rhizopus)

Question 28

What is the Colunella

Answer 28

Seperates sporangiophore from sporangium

Question 29

What is the sporangium

Answer 29

holds spores,location for asexual reproduction

Question 30

What are spores

Answer 30

Gametes, incolved in asexual reproductuin by mitosis, relesed into air

Question 31

Describe Asexual reproduction of Rhizopus

Answer 31

Location:sporangium
2-3 days after incubaion period. Spores inside sporangium divides many times via mitosis.
Sporangium dehydrates and bursts.SPores are released and dispersed by wind.
If conditions are favorable spores germinate to form new rhizopus.

Question 32

Describe the sexual reproduction of rhizopus

Answer 32

hyphae from opposit strands grown close together.
Swelling of each hyphae which join,nuclei move into each swelling, forming progametangia.
cross walls form to produce Gametangia.
the wall dissolves between them and fuses to form a zygospore.
In favorable conditions: zygospore reproduces.
un-favorable conditions:stays dormant.

Question 33

Nutrient medium

Answer 33

food that contains all the nutrition that microrgisms need to grow in the form of colonies

Question 34

nutrient agar

Answer 34

solid jelly-like form of nutrient medium

Question 35

What temperture do fungi grow best at

Answer 35

30 C

Question 36

describe the procedure to show the presence of leaf yeast

Answer 36

form ivy cut leaves
sterilise hands and workbench to prevent cotamination.
have a unopened agar plate to act as control
place a spot of vaseline on lid of petri dish
use forecepts to pick up small leaf and attach it to upper surface of the leaf without touching agar.
do not open the agar lid for too long - keep bacteria out.
Incubate them upside down (prevents condensation on upper lid at) at 30C for 24 hrs and then store upright so the yeast can fall from lower surdace of the leaf onto malt/starch again

Question 37

Describe how the agar plates are stored

Answer 37

Store plates upside down (to eliminate condensation) in an incubator at 30oC for 24hrs and
then store upright so the yeast can fall from the lower surface of the leaf onto the malt/starch again.

Question 38

Describe the conclusion of the leaf yest expeirment

Answer 38

yeast growns on lower surface of leaf

Question 39

describe the apperance of the leaf colonies on the agar plate

Answer 39

pink colonies on agar plate underneath the leaf

Question 40

how do you dispose of an agar plate

Answer 40

in a sealed biohazard bag