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Biology > Fungi > Flashcards

Fungi Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

one parent cell involved

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2
Q

Bioprocessing

A

an inductry that is involved in making products using living organisms

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3
Q

bioreactor

A

container or vessle in which biological reactions occour to form a product

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4
Q

Budding

A

asexual reproduction in yeast

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5
Q

decomposition

A

breakdown of dead organic matter. Peformed by decomposers; microrganisms. Different decomposers break down different types of organic matter. Some microrganisms can break down protein while othwes break down carbohydrates

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6
Q

Eukaryote

A

contains membrane bound organelles, has a nucleus

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7
Q

Falcultative aerobe/anaerobe

A

a livning organisms that can grow and live in either the presence or absence of oxygen

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8
Q

Fermentation

A

the production of ethanol by anaerobic respiration using yeast- by product is CO2

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9
Q

Hetertroph

A

living organism that cannot make its own food

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10
Q

multicellular

A

a living organism composed of more than 1 cell

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11
Q

parasitic fungi

A

fungi that livees on or in the presence of living orgnism of a different specied and causes harm to the host. Maintains population in nature

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12
Q

Prokryote

A

a living organism that does not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles

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13
Q

Saprophyte

A

a living organism that feeds on dead organic matter. Their role in nature is to return essential nutrients to the soil. Eg break down lignin in wood

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14
Q

sexual reproduction

A

two parents involved

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15
Q

sporulation

A

asexual reproduction in rhizopus using spores

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16
Q

unicellular

A

single celled orgnism

17
Q

preadatory fungi

A

they trap nemtodes(very small worms) in the soil and comsume them

18
Q

Are fungi prokryotic or eukryotic

A

Eukaryotic

19
Q

What is a more common name for “Rhizopus”?

A

Bread mould

20
Q

State the economic benefit and disadvantage of yeast

A

Alcchol fermentation
Illness and disease

21
Q

State the beneficial economic importance of fungi

A

Production of antibiotics (penicillin)
Alcohol fermentation (yeast)
Edible foods (mushroom)

22
Q

State the harmful economic importance of fungi

A

Can cause disease in humans (yeast)
Can cause disease in plants (potato blight)
Dry rot in timber
food spoilage (rhizopus)

23
Q

State the method by which yeast reproduce

A

Budding

24
Q

Outline the events involved in yeast reproduction

A

Yeast cellls begin reproducing asexually known as budding.
The parent cells form an outgrowth or’bud’ thst fills with cytoplasm. The nucleus divides by mitosis.
one nucleus moves into the bud. the bud is cut off from the parent cell forming a new genetically ideantical daughter cell.(or rapid budding produces a colony)

25
Q

Once the yeast cell has reproduced, state two events that occur to the offspring

A

Rapid budding produces a colony or the bud detaches from a parent cell producing a new genentically identical daughter cell.

26
Q

What is the Hyphae

A

root like structure, walls made up of chitin, anchors rhizopus and aids digestion, location of sexual reproduction

27
Q

What is the Rhizoids

A

Immature Hyphe (anchor Rhizopus)

28
Q

What is the Colunella

A

Seperates sporangiophore from sporangium

29
Q

What is the sporangium

A

holds spores,location for asexual reproduction

30
Q

What are spores

A

Gametes, incolved in asexual reproductuin by mitosis, relesed into air

31
Q

Describe Asexual reproduction of Rhizopus

A

Location:sporangium
2-3 days after incubaion period. Spores inside sporangium divides many times via mitosis.
Sporangium dehydrates and bursts.SPores are released and dispersed by wind.
If conditions are favorable spores germinate to form new rhizopus.

32
Q

Describe the sexual reproduction of rhizopus

A

hyphae from opposit strands grown close together.
Swelling of each hyphae which join,nuclei move into each swelling, forming progametangia.
cross walls form to produce Gametangia.
the wall dissolves between them and fuses to form a zygospore.
In favorable conditions: zygospore reproduces.
un-favorable conditions:stays dormant.

33
Q

Nutrient medium

A

food that contains all the nutrition that microrgisms need to grow in the form of colonies

34
Q

nutrient agar

A

solid jelly-like form of nutrient medium

35
Q

What temperture do fungi grow best at

A

30 C

36
Q

Describe how the agar plates are stored

A

Store plates upside down (to eliminate condensation) in an incubator at 30oC for 24hrs and
then store upright so the yeast can fall from the lower surface of the leaf onto the malt/starch again.

37
Q

Describe the conclusion of the leaf yest expeirment

A

yeast growns on lower surface of leaf

Biology (29 decks)

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