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Biology > Monera > Flashcards

Monera Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Antibiotic resistance

A

Bacteria can evolve restances to these substances over time.microrganisms do not die in the presence of an antibiotic due to misuse

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2
Q

antibiotics

A

.Does not work on viral infections.chemicals made by bacteria or fungi to kill bacteria or inhibit their growth

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3
Q

antigen

A

foregin body

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4
Q

antibiodies

A

what we make in response to pathogens

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5
Q

Aspsis

A

free from pathogens

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6
Q

asexual reproduction

A

reproduction involving one parent

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7
Q

autotroph

A

living organism that has the ability to make its own food

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8
Q

Binary fission

A

asexual reproduction of bacteria by mitosis

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9
Q

bioprocessing

A

an industry that uses microrgamisms to make products

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10
Q

bioreactor

A

a container/vessle that biological reactions take place to form a product

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11
Q

chemosynthetic

A

sa living orgamism that makes its own food using chemicals

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12
Q

ectoparasite

A

parasite that lives on the surface of the living host, causing harm to the host

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13
Q

endoparasite

A

parasite that lives inside the host,causing harm to the host

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14
Q

endospore

A

a hard protective shell tht allows certain types of bacteria to survive until conditions become favorable again

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15
Q

facultative anerobe

A

can grow in the presense or absence of oxygen

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16
Q

heterotroph

A

orgarnism that does not have the ability to make its own food

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17
Q

obligate aerobe

A

can only grown in the presence of oxygen

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18
Q

obligate anaerobe

A

can only grow in the absence of oxygen

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19
Q

parasite

A

living organism tht lives and feeds off a live host, causing harm

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20
Q

pathogen

A

disease causing antigen

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21
Q

photosynthetic

A

a living organism that makes its own food using light

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22
Q

prokryote

A

does not have membrane bound organelles

23
Q

saprophyte

A

living organism that feeds on dead organic matter and returns essential nutrients to the soil

24
Q

Sterile

A

free from all microorganisms

25
Q

symbiotic bacteria

A

two organisms of different species living together involving benefit

26
Q

unicellular

A

single celled organism/orgamism composed of 1 cell

27
Q

what are bacteria

A

unicellular prokaryotic orgnisms
(one cell, dont contain membrane bound organelles)

28
Q

Do bacteria have a cell wall, if yes, what is it made up of

A

they have a cell wall made up of protein

29
Q

Bacteria are divided based on their feeding mechanism. State the two categories bacteria
can be divided into and explain why a bacterium may be place in each of the categories
listed

A

autotrophes (make their own food)or hetertrophes (cannot make their own food)

30
Q

What two catagories can Autotropic bacteria be split into

A

Photosynthetic (mkae their own food using light) Chemosynthetic (bacteria that make their own foos using chemicals)

31
Q

What two catagories can hetertrophic bacteria be split into

A

Parasites(feed and reproduce inside a living host of different species causing harm) Saprophytes(feed on dead organic matter and return essential nutrients to the soil)

32
Q

What are the three shapes of bacteria

A

Round, Rod, Sprial

33
Q

describe the cell membrane in a bacteria cell

A

Selectively permeable, made up of protein and phosphohpid

34
Q

describe the cell wall in a bacteria cell

A

made from protein

35
Q

describe the circular chromosome in a bacteria cell

A

made of a circulr strand of DNA without a surrounding memebrane

36
Q

What does the capsule in a bacteria cell do

A

provides additional protection

37
Q

describe the plasmid in a bacteria cell

A

small DNA loops in the cytoplasm, responsible for antibiotic resistance

38
Q

describe the Flagellumin a bacteria cell

A

founds in aquatic bacteria, used for mobility

39
Q

What is the name given to how bacteria reproduce

A

Binary fission

40
Q

Describe Binary Fission

A

DNA replicates.Cell elongtes.DNA moves to elongated membrane + cell divides. Two identical daughter cells produced.

41
Q

How often do bacteria reproduce

A

every twenty minutes

42
Q

describe the formation of a endospore

A

the bacterial chromosome replicates. New chromosome is enclosed by a tough endospore inside parent cell. Remains dormant and reactivate when favorble conditions return

43
Q

List and explain the factors which effect the growth of bacteria

A

Tempertureperforance of enzymes in bacteria are affected by temperture. If temperture is not optium for enzyme activity the bacteria will not grow
O2 concentrationgrowth of bacteria affected by the O2 present
PH presence of enzymes in bacteria effected by PH
Solute concentrtion osmosis. The bacteria can become dehydrated
PressureBacteria can only grow under low pressure

44
Q

Explain the Lag phase

A

Bacteri are adjusting to their new enviorment very little increase in bacteria numbers

45
Q

Explain the Log phase

A

abundance food and space, bacteria begin to reproduce rapidily

46
Q

Explain the Stationary phase

A

No. of bacteria reproducing = no. of bacteria dying as food and space becomes limited,build up of waste product

47
Q

Explain the death phase

A

number if bacteria dying > number of bacteria reproducing, due to competition products and toxicity

48
Q

Describe the survival phase

A

Endospore formation allows some spores to survive.Endospore: hard shell that will protect bacteria until conditions become favorable

49
Q

List the advantages of bacteria

A

Drug production(antibiotics)
Biodegration of waste

50
Q

list the disatvantages of bacteria

A

Food spoilage
Illness and disease

51
Q

describe the differences between batch and continous processing

A

Batch
* Fixed amount of reagents
* added to bioreactor for fixed amount of time, fixed amount of product collected
* goes through all stages until stationary, harvested until then
* eg, bakery, making different types of bread
Continous
* reagents fed into bioreactor on ongoing bsis
* products are collected as made
* remains in the log phase (higher product yeild)
* eg, Pfizer phamaceuticals, making antibiotics

52
Q

List the advantages of Batch and continous processing

A

Batch
can make a number of different products
Continous
can produce large quantities of a single product-leads to low energy consuption

53
Q

List the disatvantages of Batch and continous processing

A

Batch
system has to be shut down and cleaned in between products, time consuming and expensive.
Continous
Limited to one product only

Biology (29 decks)

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