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Biology > Heart,Blood and Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Heart,Blood and Lymphatic System Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Blood pressure

A

Force required to stop blood flowing in a artery

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2
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Involuntary muscle that never fatigues

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3
Q

Closed system

A

Blood never escaped from blood vessels (makes the transport process more efficient/ fast and no blood lost)

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4
Q

Contractile tissue

A

A type of tissue that has the ability to shorten

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5
Q

Disastole

A

Relaxation of the muscle walls of the heart

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6
Q

Dorsal surface

A

Back surface of the heart that has a flat apperance

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7
Q

Double system

A

Composed of two systems: pulmonary and systemic to prevent oxygen deficient mixing with oxygen rich blood

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8
Q

Lub

A

Sound created with the tricuspid and bicuspid valves close

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9
Q

Dub

A

Sound created when the semilunar valves close

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10
Q

Pacemaker

A

Composed of a SA node( top right corner of the walls in right atrium) and AV node( in septum, near tricuspid valve) These nodes emit an electrical impulse causing systole of atria and ventricles of the heart

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11
Q

Pulmonary system

A

Pumping of blood between heart and lungs(deoxygenated )

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12
Q

Portal system

A

A system that begins and ends with capillaries

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13
Q

what is a pulse measuring

A

Measuring the wave of vibrations passing along wall of artery due to contraction and expansion of artery

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14
Q

Systemic system

A

Pumping of blood between heart and entire body(oxygenated)

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15
Q

Systole

A

Contraction of muscle walls of the heart

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16
Q

Ventral surface

A

Front surface of heart that has curved apperance

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17
Q

Valves

A

Flap-like projections that prevent the back-flow of blood

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18
Q

Describe a open circilatory system

A

used for insects. pumps blood in the primary body cavity. uses less energy.inefficant at maintaining high rate of blood flow.

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19
Q

Describe a closed circulatory system

A

used in animals. blood never escapes from blood vessles. Blood can be punped harder to supoort a higher metabolic rate. makes the transport process more efficent

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20
Q

Describe the fuction and features of veins

A

carries oxygen deficient blood to the heart.
they have valves to prevent backflow of blood. Trsveld under low pressure. large lumen + thin muscle wall

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21
Q

What is a subdicision of veins

A

Venule - walls are one cell thick

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22
Q

Describe the fuction and functions of arteries

A

carries oxygenated blood away from heart to cells. Narrow lumen pumped under high pressure, thick muscle wall

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23
Q

Subdivision of arteries

A

Arterioles - walls are one cell thick

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24
Q

Draw a transverse section to compare and contrast an artery and a vein

A

vein- outer layer of collagen, muscular + elastic tissue (thin in vein), endolumen, lumen.
Artery- outer layer of collagen, muscular + elastic tissue (thick in artery), endolumen, lumen.

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25
Q

What do the collagen fibres do

A

prevent walls from over expanding

26
Q

what is the endothelium

A

single layer of cells

27
Q

what are capillaries

A

are composed of single layer of endothelial cells. location of diffusion of oxygen into mucle cells and removal of Co2

28
Q

What is the coronary artery

A

the artery that feeds the heart itself with blood + oxygen

29
Q

How are capilillaries adapted to fit their role

A

-larger surface area
-rich blood supply
-thin cell wall

30
Q

describe the path that blood take through the heart

A

de oxygenated blood travels through the vena cava.
de oxygenated blood from the vena cava enters the right atrium.
the right atrium pushes deoxygenated bloos throught the tricuspid valve into the right ventrical.
the right atrium pushed deoxygenated blood through the pulmonary artery to the lungs.
the blood is oxygenated in the lungs.
oxygenated blood from the lungs travels through the pulmonary vein to the left atrium. the left atrium pushes oxygented blood through the bicuspid valve into lrft ventrical.
the left ventrical pushes blood into the aorta.
the aorta carries oxygenated blood to the rest of the body

31
Q

Describe the cardiac cycle

A

in one heart beat..
Blood enters both the atria via pulmonary vein and vena cava.
All valves are closed.
when atria are full.. electrical impluses from the SA node (sino-arterial) causes the stria to contract.Systole.
The tricuspid and bicuspid valves open…blood is pumped into the ventricals. (Lub sound)
The atria relax,(disatole) electrical impluses from teh AV node( atrioventricular) cause the ventricals to contract.
The increase in ventricular pressure causes the ventricals to force blood via the semi-lunar valves in the polmonary artery and aorta (Dub) and the ventrical muscles relax.

32
Q

What is the lub-dub sound caused by

A

the clousure of valves

33
Q

What is the average bpm

A

68 bpm

34
Q

What is bloos pressure measured in

A

mm Hg (mercury)

35
Q

What is the average blood pressure

A

120/80 mm Hg

36
Q

Why is heart of the health important

A

Cardiac muscle cannot regenerate and you quickly die your heart stops working

37
Q

what are some thing that are bad for heart

A

smoking, poor diet + lack of exercise leads to heart diesase- deposites substance on the insides of vessels leading to heart disease and blockages.
smoking also increases CO2 levels in the blood, the heart has to pump more frequently

38
Q

Saftey procedures take during heart dissection expeirment

A

Gloves,scalpe,biohazard bag

39
Q

How to identify front of heart

A

curved upwards

40
Q

how to identify left and right hand side

A

left and right hand side can be felt by feeling, the left hand side will be firmer than right

41
Q

Name the four components of blood

A

red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets
plasma

42
Q

Name the role of red blood cell

A

contains hameglobin nessary to transport oxygen

43
Q

Do red blood cells have any organelles

A

no nucleus or mitochondria

44
Q

describe the shape of red blood cell

A

bi-concave shape. increased surface area

45
Q

where are red blood cells made

A

bone marrow

46
Q

How long do red blood cels survive

A

4months

47
Q

name defiecicy disease associated by red blood cells

A

anaemia, lack of iron. trace element ti help haemogblin transport oxygen around the body.

48
Q

do red blood cells have a longer life span or do white blood cells

A

red blood cells survive longer

49
Q

Do white blood cells contain organelles

A

presence of nucleus and mitochondria

50
Q

What do white blood cells do

A

defence against disease

51
Q

What are the subsections of white blood cells

A

Lymphocytes, Monocytes

52
Q

Name the composition of plasma

A

90% water,7% protein,3% dissolved material

53
Q

Whats the purpose of plasma

A

watery part of blood,medium for chemical reactions to occour. transports CO2, helps to distrubute heat

54
Q

what is the role of platelets in the body?

A

clot blood with vitamin k to reduce bloos less and prevents entry of microrganisms

55
Q

Deficincy disease of inability to clot blood

A

Hameophilia

56
Q

What is the Lymphatic system

A

one way circulatory system composed of dead ending lymph vesseles and lymph nodes

57
Q

Functions of the Lymphatic system

A

defence agaist infection.
collect extracellular fluid and return it to the main circulation ( blood)
absorb and transport fats from the digestive system

58
Q

Pathway of the lymphatic system

A

one way lymphatic system.
waste as a result of respiration and other celular reactions passes out of cells into tissue fluid.Lymph capillaries pass waste onto larger lymph ducts/vessels
Passed from lymph vessels to thoracic duct or large right lymph duct
Both of these ducts are connected to subclavian vein located in neck
From here, blood returned to heart and then onto lungs (where CO2 removed etc.)
all lymph vessle
s eventually converge into the vena cava

59
Q

What are Lymph nodes

A

small swellings along lymph vessles- they contain a number of lymphocytes

60
Q

What do lymph nodes do

A

they filter bcteri and other harmful materials from lymph

Biology (29 decks)

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