Heart,Blood and Lymphatic System Flashcards
Blood pressure
Force required to stop blood flowing in a artery
Cardiac muscle
Involuntary muscle that never fatigues
Closed system and its advantages
Blood never escaped from blood vessels (makes the transport process more efficient/ fast and no blood lost)
Contractile tissue
A type of tissue that has the ability to shorten
Disastole
Relaxation of the muscle walls of the heart
Dorsal surface
Back surface of the heart that has a flat apperance
What is the Double system composed of and what is its purpose
Composed of two systems: pulmonary and systemic to prevent oxygen deficient blood mixing with oxygen rich blood
Lub
Sound created with the tricuspid and bicuspid valves close
Dub
Sound created when the semilunar valves close
Pacemaker
Composed of a SA node( top right corner of the walls in right atrium) and AV node( in septum, near tricuspid valve) These nodes emit an electrical impulse causing systole of the atriums and ventricles of the heart
Pulmonary system
Pumping of blood between heart and lungs(deoxygenated )
Portal system
A system that begins and ends with capillaries
what is a pulse measuring
Measuring the wave of vibrations passing along wall of artery due to contraction and expansion of artery
Systemic system
Pumping of blood between heart and entire body(oxygenated)
Systole
Contraction of muscle walls of the heart
Ventral surface
Front surface of heart that has curved apperance
Valves
Flap-like projections that prevent the back-flow of blood
Describe a open circilatory system and its advantages and disadvantages
used for insects. pumps blood in the primary body cavity. uses less energy.inefficant at maintaining high rate of blood flow.
Describe a closed circulatory system
used in animals. blood never escapes from blood vessles. Blood can be punped harder to supoort a higher metabolic rate. makes the transport process more efficent
Describe the fuction and features of veins
carries oxygen deficient blood to the heart.
they have valves to prevent backflow of blood. Trsveld under low pressure. large lumen + thin muscle wall. Endothelium, muscle and elastic
What do veins branch off into that are smaller?
Venule - walls are one cell thick
Describe the fuction and functions of arteries
carries oxygenated blood away from heart to cells. Narrow lumen pumped under high pressure, thick muscle wall
Subdivision of arteries
Arterioles - walls are one cell thick
Draw a transverse section to compare and contrast an artery and a vein
vein- outer layer of collagen, muscular + elastic tissue (thin in vein), endolumen, lumen.
Artery- outer layer of collagen, muscular + elastic tissue (thick in artery), endolumen, lumen.
What do the collagen fibres do
prevent walls from over expanding
what is the endothelium
single layer of cells
what are capillaries
are composed of single layer of endothelial cells. location of diffusion of oxygen into mucle cells and removal of Co2
What is the coronary artery
the artery that feeds the heart itself with blood + oxygen
How are capilillaries adapted to fit their role
-larger surface area
-rich blood supply
-thin cell wall
describe the path that blood take through the heart
de oxygenated blood travels through the vena cava.
de oxygenated blood from the vena cava enters the right atrium.
the right atrium pushes deoxygenated bloos throught the tricuspid valve into the right ventrical.
the right atrium pushed deoxygenated blood through the pulmonary artery to the lungs.
the blood is oxygenated in the lungs.
oxygenated blood from the lungs travels through the pulmonary vein to the left atrium. the left atrium pushes oxygented blood through the bicuspid valve into lrft ventrical.
the left ventrical pushes blood into the aorta.
the aorta carries oxygenated blood to the rest of the body
Describe the cardiac cycle
in one heart beat..
Blood enters both the atria via pulmonary vein and vena cava.
All valves are closed.
when atria are full.. electrical impluses from the SA node (sino-arterial) causes the atria to contract.Systole.
The tricuspid and bicuspid valves open…blood is pumped into the ventricals. (Lub sound)
The atria relax,(disatole) electrical impluses from the VA node( atrioventricular) cause the ventricals to contract.
The increase in ventricular pressure causes the ventricals to force blood via the semi-lunar valves in the polmonary artery and aorta (Dub) and the ventrical muscles relax.
What is the lub-dub sound caused by
the clousure of valves
What is the average bpm
68 bpm
What is bloos pressure measured in
mm Hg (mercury)
What is the average blood pressure
120/80 mm Hg
Why is heart of the health important
Cardiac muscle cannot regenerate and you quickly die your heart stops working
what are some thing that are bad for heart
smoking, poor diet + lack of exercise leads to heart diesase- deposites fats on the insides of vessels leading to heart disease and blockages.
smoking also increases CO2 levels in the blood, the heart has to pump more frequently to get enough oxygen around the body
Saftey procedures take during heart dissection expeirment
Gloves,scalpe,biohazard bag
How to identify front of heart
curved upwards
how to identify left and right hand side
left and right hand side can be felt by feeling, the left hand side will be firmer than right
Name the four components of blood
red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets
plasma
Name the role of red blood cell
contains hameglobin nessary to transport oxygen
Do red blood cells have any organelles
no nucleus or mitochondria
describe the shape of red blood cell
bi-concave shape. increased surface area
where are red blood cells made
bone marrow
How long do red blood cels survive
4months
name defiecicy disease associated by red blood cells
anaemia, lack of iron. trace element ti help haemogblin transport oxygen around the body.
do red blood cells have a longer life span or do white blood cells
red blood cells survive longer
Do white blood cells contain organelles
presence of nucleus and mitochondria
What do white blood cells do
defence against disease
What are the subsections of white blood cells
Lymphocytes, Monocytes
Name the composition of plasma
90% water,7% protein,3% dissolved material
Whats the purpose of plasma
watery part of blood,medium for chemical reactions to occour. transports CO2, helps to distrubute heat
what is the role of platelets in the body?
clot blood with vitamin k to reduce bloos less and prevents entry of microrganisms
Deficincy disease of inability to clot blood
Hameophilia
What is the Lymphatic system
one way circulatory system composed of dead ending lymph vesseles and lymph nodes
Functions of the Lymphatic system
defence agaist infection.
collect extracellular fluid and return it to the main circulation ( blood)
absorb and transport fats from the digestive system
Pathway of the lymphatic system
one way lymphatic system.
waste as a result of respiration and other celular reactions passes out of cells into tissue fluid.Lymph capillaries pass waste onto larger lymph ducts/vessels
Passed from lymph vessels to thoracic duct or large right lymph duct
Both of these ducts are connected to subclavian vein located in neck
From here, blood returned to heart and then onto lungs (where CO2 removed etc.)
all lymph vessle
s eventually converge into the vena cava
What are Lymph nodes
small swellings along lymph vessles- they contain a number of lymphocytes
What do lymph nodes do
they filter bacteria and other harmful materials from lymph
