Enzymes

Question 1

Immobilisation

Answer 1

A biology catalyst which is fixed to an inert material by chemical or physical means

Question 2

Aerobic respiration

Answer 2

The release of energy from carbohydrate using oxygen

Question 3

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 3

The release of energy form carbohydrate without using oxygen

Question 4

What is fermentation

Answer 4

Anaerobic respiration

Question 5

What is an enzyme

Answer 5

A biological catalyst

Question 6

What is a Biological catalysts

Answer 6

A molecule that speeds up the rate of reaction without being used up in the reaction

Question 7

What biomolecule group are enzymes part of

Answer 7

Proteins

Question 8

What shape are enzymes

Answer 8

3D, folded , globular

Question 9

What is metabolism

Answer 9

The sum of all chemical reactions taking place in an organism

Question 10

Substrate

Answer 10

The compound which the enzyme acts on

Question 11

Products

Answer 11

The compounds that an enzyme converts substrate to

Question 12

Active site

Answer 12

The location of reaction between enzyme and substrate

Question 13

Name a catabolic reaction

Answer 13

Starch>Amylase>Maltose

Question 14

What is specificity

Answer 14

Every enzyme can only act on one substrate

Question 15

Factors affecting enzyme action

Answer 15

Temperature
Ph
Enzyme concentration
Substrate concentration

Question 16

Explain how Temperature affects enzyme action

Answer 16

Increased temperature increases enzyme activity. Excess heat with denature the enzyme

Question 17

Explain how Ph affects enzyme action

Answer 17

Most work best at ph7 .Changing the Ph levels to extremes alters the shape of the active site, reducing the efficiency

Question 18

Explain how Enzyme concentration affects enzyme action

Answer 18

More Enzymes present, the faster the reaction

Question 19

Explain how Substrate concentration affects enzyme action

Answer 19

More substrate= slower

Question 20

Inhibitors

Answer 20

Inhibitors are molecules that prevent an enzyme from working. Block the active site of the enzyme( nerve gas)

Question 21

Explain active site theory

Answer 21

The enzyme active site needs to be complementary to the substrate.
The active site changes to allow for a perfect fit when the substrate comes in contact with the enzyme. This is also know as specificity, where one enzyme can only work with one substrate. This forms the enzyme substrate complex.
Products are released
Enzymes active site returns to the original place

Question 22

Chemical formula to demonstrate the effect of - on enzyme reaction

Answer 22

H2O2 > H2O + O2

Question 23

What is Bioprocessing

Answer 23

The use of enzyme-controlled reactions to produce a product

Question 24

What is a bioreactor

Answer 24

A vessel or container in which biological reactions take place to form a product

Question 25

What are immobilised enzymes

Answer 25

Immobilised enzymes are held in a gel, attached to each other or to an inert substance or bead

Question 26

Benefits of Immobilised enzymes

Answer 26

Can be used multiple times. The final product is pure they are we efficient as isolated enzymes

Question 27

Use of Immobilised enzymes

Answer 27

Glucose isomerise contains glucose into fructose Penicillin acylate converts penicillin into more antibiotics more penicillin-resistant bacteria

Question 28

Substances used to investigate effect of PH on enzyme reaction

Answer 28

Enzyme: Catalase Source of enzyme: Celery Substrate: hydrogen peroxide

Question 29

Constants in investigating PH

Answer 29

Temperature- Temperature controlled water bath Substrate concentration Enzyme concentration- same celery juice

Question 30

Hoe does the PH alter the enzyme

Answer 30

Alters the active site of the enzyme

Question 31

Constants in investigating Temperature

Answer 31

Ph- buffer solution Substrate concentration Enzyme concentration- same celery juice

Question 32

How do we measure the rate of enzyme action.

Answer 32

Volume of O2 bubbles produces per minute

Question 33

Graph of investigating the effect of PH on the rate of enzyme reaction

Answer 33

Bell shaped curve

Question 34

What does the denaturation of a enzyme by heat do?

Answer 34

The boiling of the catalase resulted in the loss of its enzymatic activity, despite being returned to its optimum temperature

Question 35

Chemicals used in a enzyme immobilisation

Answer 35

Sodium alginate- forms gel to immobilise yeast Sucrase (yeast) - Enzyme Calcium Chloride- Harden sodium alginate beads

Question 36

Results of enzyme immobilisation

Answer 36

Immobilised yeast- 10mins - clear pure Free yeast -3 mins- cloudy

Question 37

Anabolic enzymes

Answer 37

Require energy to build larger molecules ( usually in the form ATP)

Question 38

Catabolic enzymes

Answer 38

Release energy to form ATP or heat

Question 39

What is denaturation

Answer 39

When an enzyme has lost it’s 3D folded globular shape at the active site and no longer has the ability to carry out its function