Genetic crosses

Question 1

Heredity

Answer 1

passing on of traits from parents to offspring my means of genes

Question 2

somatic cells

Answer 2

non-sex cells eg.body cell

Question 3

diploid

Answer 3

2 sets of chromosomes

Question 4

haploid

Answer 4

contains 1 set of chromosomes

Question 5

gamete

Answer 5

sex cell, haploid and capable of fusion

Question 6

progeny

Answer 6

offspring

Question 7

fetilisation

Answer 7

when two gametes fuse to form a zygote

Question 8

Gene

Answer 8

section of Dna on a chromosome that contains information how to make a ptotein

Question 9

gene expression

Answer 9

when the protein is made

Question 10

alleles

Answer 10

different forms of the same gene

Question 11

locus

Answer 11

position of a gene on a chromosome

Question 12

Genotype

Answer 12

The genetic make up of the individual

Question 13

phenotype

Answer 13

the physical apperance of an individial.
Phenotype = genotype + enviorment

Question 14

Dominant gene/ allele

Answer 14

always expressed in the phenotype

Question 15

recessive gene allele

Answer 15

prevented from being expressed by the dominant allele

Question 16

homozygous

Answer 16

2 identical alleles

Question 17

heterozygous

Answer 17

when the 2 alleles are different

Question 18

homologous pair

Answer 18

a pair of chromosomes (one from each parent) of similar lenght that contain genes for the same traits at the same positions

Question 19

non allelic genes

Answer 19

genes coding for different traits

Question 20

monohybrid cross

Answer 20

cross that involves one trait

Question 21

who is known as the father of genetics

Answer 21

gregor mendel

Question 22

what is Mendel’s 1st law/ Law of segregation

Answer 22

2 alleles code for a trait. When gametes are formed, these alleles separate.
each allele goes to a different gamete.
Rr —> (R) (r)

Question 23

Incomplete dominance

Answer 23

when two alleles battle for dominance, neither wins and an intermediate condition is reached.

Question 24

pedigree chart

Answer 24

shows the genetic history of a group of related individuals

Question 25

What is an autosome, how many pairs in humans?

Answer 25

any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome. 22 pairs of autosomes

Question 26

sex chromosome

Answer 26

a chromosome that dertimes the sex of an individual.

Question 27

what are the sex chromosome in humans

Answer 27

XX- female XY-male

Question 28

name examples of animals where the XY and XX chromosome give rise to a different sex

Answer 28

birds, butterflies and moths

Question 29

how many types of sperm are there

Answer 29

two types of sperm cell. X and Y

Question 30

how many types of egg cell are there?

Answer 30

one type of egg cell which is X

Question 31

dihybrid cross (non linked)

Answer 31

cross that involves two different traits that are located on different chromosomes

Question 32

linked genes

Answer 32

genes that are located on the same set of chromosomes

Question 33

Co- dominance

Answer 33

***Both alleles*** are expressed in heterozygous individuals

Question 34

What is mendel's second law of independent assortment

Answer 34

when gametes form, each member of a pair of alleles can join with any member of the other pair of alleles

Question 35

linkage

Answer 35

when genes are present on the same chromosome

Question 36

What does linked genes mean

Answer 36

when geners are linked-there is no independent assortment and there is less variety in the offspring

Question 37

what do non linked genes give rise to?

Answer 37

gives rise to independent assortment and more variety in the offspring

Question 38

sex linkage

Answer 38

when a gene is located on the sex chromosome.

Question 39

Non-nuclear inheritance

Answer 39

passing on of features from one generation to the next without the use of the nucleus