Vertebral Column (spine)

Question 1

Vetebral column (spine)

Answer 1

Serves as the axial support of the body

Extends from the skull to the pelvis

Supports the skull and transmits body weight to the lower limbs.

Question 2

Structure of the spine

Answer 2

Made up of 26 irregular bones

Bones are connected and reinforced by ligaments

Results in a flexible,curved structure not rigid

Question 3

Spinal cord

Answer 3

Runs through the central cavity of the veretebal column

Protected by vertebral column

Transmit signals between the brain and the rest of the body

Question 4

Spine before birth

Answer 4

Consist of 33 separate bones (vertebrae)

9 of there bones fuse to form the sacrum and the coccyx which make up the lower part of the vertebral collumn

Question 5

24 single bones in vertebral column

Answer 5

Cervical vertebrae (neck) :7 bones

Thoriac vertebrae (mid back) 12 bones

Lumber vertebrae (lower back) 5 bones

Question 6

Intervertebral discs

Answer 6

Located between individual vertebrae

Made of flexible fibrocartilage

Cushion the vertebrae and absorb shock

Allow flexibility of the spine

Question 7

Intervertebral discs change with age

Answer 7

In young people, discs have high water content about 90%

In youth discs are spongy and compressible

As a person ages water content decreases making the discs harder and less compressible

Question 8

Aging and discs changing

Answer 8

Dying of the intervertebral discs and weakening of ligaments occur with age

These changes increase the risk of herniated (slipped) discs in older people

Question 9

Causes of hernia toon

Answer 9

Can occur due to exceptional twisting forces on the vertebral column

Question 10

Effects of herniated discs

Answer 10

A protruding disc may press on the spinal cord or spinal nerves

This pressure can cause symptoms such as numbness and excruciating pain

Question 11

Role of vertebral column and discs

Answer 11

Prevent shock to the head during walking or running

Provide flexibility to the body trunk

Question 12

Primary curvatures

Answer 12

Found in the thoracic and sacral regions

Present at birth, forming a c-shaped spine in newborns

Question 13

Secondary curvatures

Answer 13

Found in the cervical and lumber regions

Develop after birth

Help centre body weight over the lower in adults

Question 14

Cervical curvature

Answer 14

Appears when the baby begins to raise its head

Question 15

Lumbar curvature

Answer 15

Develops when the baby begins to walk

Question 16

Abnormal spinal curvatures

Answer 16

Scoliosis,kyphosis,lordosis

May result from disease poor posture

Question 17

Body or centrum

Answer 17

Disclike, weight - bearing part of the vertebra facing anteriorly in the vertebral collumn

Question 18

Vertebral arch

Answer 18

Arch formed from the joining of all posterior extensions

Question 19

The laminar and pedicles

Answer 19

Form the vertebral body

Question 20

Vertebral foramen

Answer 20

Canal through which the spinal cord passes

Question 21

Transverse process

Answer 21

Two lateral projection form the vertebral arch

Question 22

Spinous processes

Answer 22

Single projection arising from the posterior aspect of the vertebral arch

Question 23

Cervicale vertebrae

Answer 23

Seven cervicle vertebrae form the neck region of the spine

The first two cervicle vertebrae (atlas and axis) are unique in function

Question 24

Atlas

Answer 24

No body
Superior surfaces of its transverse process contain depression that receive the occipital condyles of the skull

This joint allows the head to nod yes

Question 25

Axis

Answer 25

Acts as a pivot for the atlas and skull to rotate

Allows the to rotate no between the atlas and axis

Question 26

Typical cervicle vertebrae

Answer 26

Located from the third to the seventh cervicle vertebrae

Small and lightest vertebrae in the spine

Most often have short spinous processes which are typically bifurcated devided into two branches

Question 27

The typical cervicle vertebrae transverse pricy

Answer 27

Contain foramina openings

The vertebral arteries pass through these foramina on their way to the brain

Question 28

Thoriac vertebrae

Answer 28

There are 12 thoracic vertebrae

Larger then the cervicle vertebrae

The only vertebrae that articulate with the ribs

Question 29

Lumbar vertebrae

Answer 29

There Are five lumbar vertebrae

It’s the sturdiest most of the stress is on here

Question 30

Sacrum

Answer 30

Formed by the fusion of five vertebrae

Inferioly connects the the coxyx

Superioly articulate with l5

Latterly with the hip bone

Question 31

Coccyx

Answer 31

Is formed from the fusion of three to five tiny irregular shaped vertebrae

The humens tail bone