Hair Shaft

Question 1

Middle part called the medulla

Answer 1

Has soft keritonized cells

Question 2

Cortex.

Answer 2

Hard keritonised cells and heavily pigmented

Question 3

Cuticle

Answer 3

Hard keratonised,unpigmented overlapping cells

Question 4

Matrix

Answer 4

Produces the keratinocytes of the hair shaft (medulla,cortex,and cuticle)

Question 5

Within the matrix is the melanocytes that

Answer 5

Provide pigment for hair shaft cortex keritenocytes

Question 6

Papilla

Answer 6

Dermal region that provide blood vessels nourishment to matrix cells

Question 7

Outside the hair shaft is the hair follicle

Answer 7

Anchoring the whole hair into the skin in the dermis

Question 8

Epithelial root sheath and dermal root sheath y

Answer 8

Are supportive around the hair shaft

Question 9

Hair type lanugo

Answer 9

Fetal hair soft unpigmented and covers whole body

Protects baby

And anchors that waxy substance that protects newborn skin

Question 11

Hair type vellus

Answer 11

Peach fuzz soft ,lightly pigmented and short

Lack subaceous glands

Covers most of the body

Question 12

Terminal hairs

Answer 12

Thick,courser ,can be heavily pigmented ,can be long during puberty ,many vellus hairs turn into terminal hair during puberty due to testosterone

Question 13

Cutenous gland

Answer 13

Exocrine gland that release secretions to the skin surface via duct fall under sebaceous gland and sweat gland

Question 14

Sebaceous glands

Answer 14

Produce sebum, an oily substance that:
Lubricates and moisturizes the skin and hair.
Helps waterproof the skin.
Has antibacterial properties to protect against infections.
Location:

Found all over the body except the palms and soles.
Mostly attached to hair follicles, but some exist independently (like on lips and eyelids).
Secretion Type:

Holocrine → The gland’s cells burst to release oil, meaning the entire cell dies in the process.
When Are They Active?

Active from birth but increase production during puberty due to hormones like testosterone and estrogen.
Overactivity can lead to acne, while underactivity can cause dry, flaky skin.

Question 15

Eccrine Sweat Glands (Most Common)

Answer 15

Produce watery sweat to cool the body (thermoregulation).
Help with waste removal (excreting salts, urea, and other waste).
Location:
Found all over the body, especially on the palms, soles, and forehead.
Secretion Type:
Merocrine secretion → Releases sweat directly onto the skin’s surface through exocytosis.
When Are They Active?
Active from birth and work continuously to regulate body temperature.

Question 16

Apocrine Sweat Glands (Thicker Sweat)

Answer 16

Function:
Produce thicker, milky sweat containing proteins and lipids.
This sweat is odorless but bacteria break it down, causing body odor.
Linked to emotional sweating (stress, excitement).
Location:
Found in armpits (axilla), groin, and around nipples.
Secretion Type:
Previously thought to be apocrine, but actually merocrine (releases sweat through exocytosis).
Sweat is secreted into hair follicles, not directly onto the skin.
When Are They Active?
Become active at puberty due to hormones.