nervous system Flashcards
nervous system
control and cummunication system of the body.
it communicates with body cells using electrical imulses
which are rapid and specific and almost cause immediate responses
endocrine system
works with nervous system to maintain homeostasis
it produces hormones in the blood
acts in a leisrly relaxed way
nervous system has millions
sensory receptors to monitor changes occuring both inside and outside the body.
the changes are called
stimili
gathered information
is called sensory input
integration
processes and interprets the sensory input and decides what should be done at each moment—a process called
motor output
causes a response, or effect, by activating muscles or glands (effectors) via
central nervous system cns
has brain and spinal cord
occupies the dorsal cavity
acts as the coman center of the nervous system
interprate incoming sensory information and issue instructions based on past experiences and current condtions
perephial nervous sytem
includes every part of the nervous sytem except for the cns
consists of mainly nerves and and extend from the spinal cord and brain
spinal nerves carry impulses to and from the spinal cord.
crainal carres impulses to and from the brain
these nerves seves as communication lines
They link all parts of the body by carrying impulses from the sensory receptors to the CNS and from the CNS to the appropriate glands or muscles.
sensory division
gathers information from the body and sends it to the brain and spinal cord.
This information helps the body detect both external stimuli (like touch and temperature from the skin or muscle movement) and internal conditions (like blood pressure or oxygen levels).
By doing this, the sensory division keeps the brain informed about what’s happening inside and outside the body, which is crucial for responding to changes and maintaining overall balance or homeostasis.
Motor Division (Efferent Division)
Function: Carries impulses away from the CNS to effector organs (muscles and glands).
Purpose: Activates muscles and glands to produce a motor response.
Somatic Motor Fibers
Control voluntary movements.
Stimulate skeletal muscles.
Autonomic Motor Fibers
Control involuntary activities.
Regulate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.
Subdivisions of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Sympathetic Division: “Fight or flight” responses (e.g., increasing heart rate).
Parasympathetic Division: “Rest and digest” responses (e.g., slowing heart rate, digestive activity).
Here’s a point-form version for flashcards based on your text:
Somatic Nervous System (SNS)
Function: Controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles.
Also Known As: Voluntary nervous system.
Key Point: Most actions are voluntary, but some skeletal muscle activities are involuntary (e.g., reflexes like the stretch reflex).
