Vasculitis Flashcards

1
Q

Vasculitides can be primary, in which __________; or secondary, in which _________.

A

they occur without any concurrent symptoms or syndromes; they are second to another disease, such as HCV, HBV, endocarditis, SLE, RA, drug hypersensitivity, or Sjogren’s

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2
Q

Claudication is _________.

A

cramping caused by obstructed arteries

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3
Q

There are two kinds of large vessel vasculitis: ___________.

A

giant cell arteritis and Takayasu’s arteritis

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4
Q

Giant cell arteritis is characterized by _________.

A

temporal artery involvement and involvement of the other branches of the aortic arch; headache, jaw claudication, visual loss, and scalp tenderness

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5
Q

Takayasu’s arteritis is characterized by ________.

A

claudication of the upper extremities more than the lower, granulomatous panarteritis, and CNS events

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6
Q

The two medium vessel vasculitis disorders are ___________.

A

Kawasaki’s and polyarteritis nodosa

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7
Q

Polyarteritis nodosa is characterized by _________.

A

small and medium vessel involvement; may affect any organ, but skin, joints, nerves, gut, and kidneys most commonly; predilection for artery bifurcation

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8
Q

Descrbie Kawasaki’s.

A

Primaryily affects young children; febrile illness; mucocutaneous changes; cervical lymphadenopathy; polymorphous rash; erythema of hands and feet; strawberry tongue; coronary involvement

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9
Q

The three ANCA (antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody) positive small-vessel vasculitis disorders are __________.

A

granulomatosis with polyangiitis, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and microscopic polyangiitis

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10
Q

What are the three ANCA-negative small vessel vasculitis disorders?

A

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura, essential cryoglobulinemia, cutaneous leukocytoclastic angiitis

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11
Q

Some common clinical presentations of vasculitis are ___________.

A

skin lesions, anorexia, fever, fatigue, arthralgias, arthritis, myalgias,

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12
Q

Lab values suggestive of vasculitis are _________.

A

those that correlate with systemic inflammation: high CRP, thrombocytopenia, anemia, elevated ESR, and polyclonal gammopathy

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13
Q

Mean age of onset is _________.

A

fifth decade

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14
Q

How does ANCA lead to vasculitis?

A

Neutrophils release granules in response to inflammation, and the antibodies attack those, leading to widespread inflammation.

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15
Q

How is vasculitis treated?

A

Treat the underlying cause (drug hypersensitivity, infection) and then give glucocorticoids or rituximab.

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16
Q

In medium- and small-vessel vasculitis, the _______ are frequently affected.

A

skin, kidneys, and nerves

17
Q

c-ANCA staining reveals ___________.

A

antibody to PR3

18
Q

Perinuclear ANCA staining reveals ________.

A

antibody to MPO