Crystal Arthropathies

Question 1

Explain the mnemonic TUNA for gout symptoms.

Answer 1

(1) tophi; (2) uric acid nephrolithiasis; (3) neuropathy; and (4) arthritis

Question 2

The threshold for uric acid supersaturation is greater than __________.

Answer 2

7.0 mg/dl

Question 3

List the four stages of gout.

Answer 3

(1) asymptomatic hyperuricemia; (2) acute gouty arthritis; (3) intercritical gout; and (4) chronic tophaeceous gout

Question 4

Predisposing factors to gout include ____________.

Answer 4

obesity, alcohol abuse, insulin resistance, and hypertension

Question 5

The majority of gout patients are _________.

Answer 5

under excreters (less than 750 mg/day)

Question 6

Only _______ of the uric acid is secreted in the kidney filtration process.

Answer 6

10%

Question 7

________ and _______ decrease the renal excretion of uric acid by __________ URAT1.

Answer 7

Diuretics; low-dose aspirin; activating

Question 8

Precipitating factors for gout (pun intended) include ___________.

Answer 8

trauma, alcohol intake, colder body temperatures (such as the joints), and lower pH

Question 9

Unlike mono-sodium urate crystals, which form in the synovial fluid, calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals ____________.

Answer 9

break off of the cartilage matrix into the synovial fluid