Anemia Due to Decreased RBC Production Flashcards
What are the two microcytic anemias?
Lead intoxication and chronic infection or malignancy (though the latter may be normocytic).
What are the normocytic anemias?
Renal insufficiency and endocrine (though endocrine can be micro- or macrocytotic)
Folate is absorbed in the _______.
jejunum
______ is absorbed in the terminal ileum.
Vitamin B12
B12 is stored in the _______.
liver
In chronic infection or inflammation, IL-1 and TNF ______ and IFN-gamma _____.
diminish iron mobilization and EPO production; inhibits proliferation of erythrocyte precursors
Why does renal insufficiency cause anemia?
because the kidneys produce EPO
Lead inhibits the ________.
enzyme that synthesizes protoporphyrin ring
Decreased reticulocyte counts are called ______.
reticulocytopenia
Underproduction anemias can be _______.
normocytic and normochromic or microcytic and hypochromic
Lead intoxication anemias are characterized by ________.
microcytosis and an increase in zinc protoporphyrin
Renal-insufficiency anemias are not usually present until ________.
renal function goes below 40%
Vitamin B12 must bind to _________ and is then absorbed in the ________.
intrinsic factor (produced by gastric parietal cells); terminal ileum (through TcII)
Pernicious anemia is caused by ________.
auto-immune destruction of IF-producing gastric parietal cells
Folate is absorbed by the ________ and stored in the ______.
jejunum; liver (as methyltetrahydrofolate)
Neurological involvement is classic in ______.
B12 deficiency anemia
Sideroblastic anemias are characterized by ________.
iron deposits in mitochondria, forming a blue ring around the nucleus
Other than EPO deficiency, renal-insufficiency anemia is characterized by ________.
normocytic/normochromic cells with decreased retic count
Folic acid and vitamin B12 are critical for _________.
synthesis of methionine from homocysteine
Folate deficiency is ___________.
faster and more likely due to alcoholism or nutritional deficiency
Vitamin B12 deficiency is _________.
slower and more likely due to malabsorption
Nutritional deficiency results in _______.
macrocytic anemia
