Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis Flashcards

1
Q

What are polymyositis and dermatomyositis?

A

Autoimmune disorders in which muscles become inflamed due to chronic inflammatory cells, usually idiopathic

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2
Q

_______ of DM/PM patients experience pain.

A

Half

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3
Q

Early symptoms include _____________.

A

proximal weakness of muscles in the extremities

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4
Q

The skin symptoms of dermatomyositis and polymyositis include __________.

A

Gottron’s papules (erythematous nodules on the fingers), periungual erythema, heliotrope rash (blue around the eyes), V and shawl sign (erythema on the shoulders, back, and anterior chest), and poikiloderma (mottling on the thighs)

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5
Q

List some of the extra-muscular manifestations of DM/PM.

A

Fatigue, weight loss, fever, dysphagia, intestinal perforation, pulmonary fibrosis, myocarditis, and Raynaud’s

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6
Q

Typical age of presentation is _________.

A

either in childhood or fifth decade

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7
Q

Lab values suggestive of DM/PM are ________.

A

elevated CPK (creatine phosphokinase), myoglobinemia, AST, ALT, LDH, and aldolase

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8
Q

20% of patients have ____________.

A

antibodies to Jo-1 (which is the aminoacyl t-RNA synthetase for histidine)

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9
Q

Less common than anti-Jo1, patients sometimes have __________.

A

antibodies to DNA helicase or signal-recognition particle

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10
Q

Nonspecific to DM/PM, patients can have antibodies to _________.

A

DNA

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11
Q

EMGs (electromyographies) will demonstrate ___________, while MRIs can show ________.

A

myopathic findings; edema and muscle inflammation

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12
Q

Histologically, polymyositis is characterized by ____________.

A

CTLs and macrophages throughout the fascicle

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13
Q

DM is histologically characterized by _________.

A

perivascular accumulation of CD4s, macrophages, and dendritic cells

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14
Q

What is some of the evidence for viral induction of DM/PM?

A

Higher antiviral antibodies in those with DM/PM, virus DNA detected in muscles of those with DM/PM, response suggestive of antiviral response

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15
Q

Treatment is directed at ___________.

A

treating the inflammation and suppressing the immune system

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16
Q

What are symptoms of anti-Jo1 syndrome?

A

fever, arthritis, mechanic’s hands, Raynaud’s phenomenon, and interstitial lung disease