Introduction to Rheumatology Flashcards
Rheuma is Greek for ________.
flow
What is rheumatology?
The study, diagnosis, and treatment of disorders that may (but not always) affect the joints.
The first branch point in rheumatological diagnosis is _________.
inflammatory vs. mechanical
Prolonged morning stiffness indicates _________.
an inflammatory process
Activity typically ______ mechanical joint pain.
worsens
Osteoarthritis can affect the ______ joint, while rheumatoid arthritis typically doesn’t.
DIP
Rheumatoid arthritis can affect the ______ joint, while osteoarthritis doesn’t.
MCP
Erythrocyte sedimentation rates will be _______ in inflamed tissues.
faster, because the inflammatory mediators (cytokines) are positive, and the positive charges cancel out the negative RBC surface charges
Rheumatoid factor has a high _____ rate.
false positive
Synovial WBCs greater than _______ are diagnostic of inflammatory arthritis.
2,000
______ and ______ are the most common mono-articular arthritis sources.
Crystalline diseases and infections
High dose ______ can cause avascular necrosis in the femoral head.
corticosteroids
Rheumatoid arthritis is a disease of small joints (with the exception of the DIP), so do not suspect RA if a patient has ______.
back pain
Anthropologists believe uricase was lost to _________.
increase sodium retention, because uric acid promotes sodium retention in the kidneys
Enthesitis is ________.
inflammation of ligamentous-osseous junctions
Most DMARDS (disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs) are ________.
teratogenic
Describe the difference between arthritis and arthralgia.
Arthritis is joint pain with evidence of inflammation; arthralgia is joint pain without evidence of inflammation.
Describe the three types of joints, and provide examples of each.
(1) synarthrosis: fusion of bones, such as the skull; (2): amphiarthrosis: bones joined by cartilage, such as the ribs; (3) diarthrosis: bones articulate through cartilage and stabilized by ligaments, such as the knee
Entheses are ________.
sites where tendons and ligaments connect to bone
Pannus is _________.
thickened, swollen synovium
Red joints typically indicate _________.
infection or crystal disease
Wrist involvement is a sign of ________.
RA
Gouty tophi can present on the _________.
ear
Pseudogout is characterized by __________.
calcium pyrophosphate crystals
Ankylosing spondylitis is associated with the _________ marker.
HLAB27
