Antibody Structure Flashcards
The hinge regions of the _____ chain are connected via ______.
heavy; disulfide bonds
The part of the antigen that specifically binds with the antibody is called the ________.
epitope
___ makes dimers.
IgA
IgM makes _______.
pentamers that are spoke-shaped
IgA is made up of __________.
10 polypeptides (four light chains, four heavy chains, one interweaving J chain, and the secretory component)
In electrophoresis, anodes are ______.
positive
Light chains have one _____ domain and one _____ domain, while heavy chains have one _______ and ______ constant domains.
variable; constant; variable; three to four
Which two immunoglobulins have J chains?
IgM and IgA
There are two kinds of light chains, _________.
kappa and lambda (the cell chooses only one, and even if it switches from IgA to IgM, the light remains the same type)
Most of the variation in the variable regions happens in three specific sites called ______.
complementarity-determining regions (CDRs)
Allotypes are __________.
allelic differences in immunoglobulins between individuals
Idiotypes are ________.
the combined variants (the region that recognizes epitopes)
What happens when an antibody binds its antigen?
The angle between the Fab and Fc regions changes, thus activating it in the allosteric effect.
What are the two main functions of activated antibody?
1) binding to phagocytic cells
2) activating C1q in the complement cascade