T Cells I & II

Question 1

All of the helper T cells express _______.

Answer 1

the CD4 surface receptor

Question 2

The most important lymphokine secreted by Th1 is _________.

Answer 2

interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), which is a pro-inflammatory signal and a chemokine for monocytes

Question 3

Th1 also secretes _____, which helps activate cytotoxic T cells.

Answer 3

IL-2

Question 4

Th17 is analogous to ____ and secretes ____, a potent pro-inflammatory, chemotactic molecule (for monocytes).

Answer 4

Th1; IL-17

Question 5

B cells switch isotypes by the assistance of ______.

Answer 5

Tfh

Question 6

Tfh are distinguished by the presence of the surface receptor _______.

Answer 6

CXCR5

Question 7

One Treg can suppress ______ CD4 cells.

Answer 7

1000

Question 8

Treg secretes ______ that act as anti-inflammatory signals.

Answer 8

IL-10 and TGF-beta

Question 9

List the three types of antigen-presenting cells.

Answer 9

Dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells

Question 10

All T cells have a surface receptor called _______.

Answer 10

CD3

Question 11

Where is the helper T cell precursor (Th0) found?

Answer 11

In the paracortex of the lymph nodes

Question 12

Classically activated macrophages secrete ____ and ____ to amplify the inflammatory response.

Answer 12

tumor-necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha); IL-1

Question 13

Fever is produced by _____ (released by macrophages) acting on the anterior hypothalamus to produce ____.

Answer 13

IL-1; PGE2

Question 14

CTLs kill cells by ______ or _____.

Answer 14

activating caspases; secreting cytotoxic granules

Question 15

Both the alpha chain and the beta chain of the TCR have a _________.

Answer 15

transmembrane region (unlike the Ig receptor in B cells)

Question 16

The protein that transduces the signal in the T cell receptor (when bound to an MHC and antigen) is ____.

Answer 16

CD3

Question 17

Class __ MHC are best associated with the intrinsic pathway, while class __ MHC are most associated with the extrinsic pathway.

Answer 17

I; II

Question 18

Cross-presentation is the process in which _______.

Answer 18

dendritic cells present ingested material on class I and II MHC molecules

Question 19

Substances that stimulate T and B cell division are called _____ and include ____. .

Answer 19

mitogens; phytohemagglutinin A (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM)

Question 20

The AIRE gene causes _________.

Answer 20

stromal thymus cells to display lots of different, extra-thymic proteins (such as liver and adrenal cells) to avoid autoimmune disorders