Vascular Neoplasia and Interventions

Question 1

What are benign hemangiomas?

Answer 1

Common congenital vascular lesions

Question 2

What is the presentation of benign hemangiomas?

Answer 2

Most common on skin, but also found on mucosal surfaces and visceral organs
Lesions are present at birth and grow, but remain limited in size

Question 3

Describe the blood vessels of capillary hemangiomas

Answer 3

Vascular channels have the size and structure of normal capillaries

Question 4

What is the presentation of capillary hemangiomas?

Answer 4

Occur on skin (strawberry hemangioma), subcutaneous tissue, mucous membranes of mouth and lips (lesions <5mm-cm)

Question 5

Strawberry hemangiomas (capillary hemangioma on skin) fade…

Answer 5

at 1-3 years

Question 6

Describe lesions of cavernous hemangiomas

Answer 6

Large vascular channels

Question 7

What is the presentation of cavernous hemangiomas?

Answer 7

Port-wine stains on skin, lesions to mucosa and viscera
Raised, spongy masses (1-2cm) which do not regress spontaneously

Question 8

Cavernous hemangiomas may undergo…

Answer 8

thrombosis, fibrosis, hemorrhage

Question 9

Cavernous hemangiomas are clinically significant in which disease?

Answer 9

con Hippel Lindau disease

Question 10

Are capillary hemangiomas benign or malignant?

Answer 10

Benign

Question 11

Are cavernous hemangiomas benign or malignant?

Answer 11

Benign

Question 12

Is angiosarcoma benign or malignant?

Answer 12

Malignant

Question 13

What is angiosarcoma?

Answer 13

Rare, highly malignant (50% mortality) consisting of neoplastic endothelial cells

Question 14

What are the possible locations of angiosarcoma?

Answer 14

Skin, soft tissue, breast, bone, spleen, liver

Question 15

What level of differentiation is found in angiosarcoma?

Answer 15

Varying degrees of differentiation

Question 16

What is the liver involvement of angiosarcoma?

Answer 16

Associated with carcinogens (vinyl chloride, arsenic, thorotrast)

Question 17

Kaposi’s sarcoma is derived from which cells?

Answer 17

Neoplastic endothelial and stromal cells

Question 18

Which vascular neoplasia is associated with AIDS (1/3 of patients)?

Answer 18

Kaposi’s sarcoma

Question 19

What is the presentation of Kaposi’s sarcoma?

Answer 19

Painful purple/brown nodules/plaques on hands, feet, face

Question 20

If a patient presents with purple/brown nodules/plaques on hands, feet, and face, what is suspected?

Answer 20

Kaposi’s sarcoma

Question 21

What are possible pathologies resulting from coronary bypass?

Answer 21

Vein or artery grafts are subjected to thrombosis, intimal thickening, atherosclerosis (and accompanying complications)

Question 22

What is thrombolysis?

Answer 22

Treatment to lyse thrombi and emboli with plasminogen activators

Question 23

What are some problems associated with thrombolysis?

Answer 23

Failure to lyse, reocclusion due to persistence of original blocker

Question 24

What is balloon angioplasty?

Answer 24

Procedure causing luminal expansion of atherosclerotic arteries

Question 25

What are some complications of balloon angioplasty?

Answer 25

Atherosclerotic plaque becomes “unstable”
Leads to plaque rupture, medial dissection, stretching of the media (exposure to collagen), proliferative restenosis