Vascular Neoplasia and Interventions Flashcards
What are benign hemangiomas?
Common congenital vascular lesions
What is the presentation of benign hemangiomas?
Most common on skin, but also found on mucosal surfaces and visceral organs
Lesions are present at birth and grow, but remain limited in size
Describe the blood vessels of capillary hemangiomas
Vascular channels have the size and structure of normal capillaries
What is the presentation of capillary hemangiomas?
Occur on skin (strawberry hemangioma), subcutaneous tissue, mucous membranes of mouth and lips (lesions <5mm-cm)
Strawberry hemangiomas (capillary hemangioma on skin) fade…
at 1-3 years
Describe lesions of cavernous hemangiomas
Large vascular channels
What is the presentation of cavernous hemangiomas?
Port-wine stains on skin, lesions to mucosa and viscera
Raised, spongy masses (1-2cm) which do not regress spontaneously
Cavernous hemangiomas may undergo…
thrombosis, fibrosis, hemorrhage
Cavernous hemangiomas are clinically significant in which disease?
con Hippel Lindau disease
Are capillary hemangiomas benign or malignant?
Benign
Are cavernous hemangiomas benign or malignant?
Benign
Is angiosarcoma benign or malignant?
Malignant
What is angiosarcoma?
Rare, highly malignant (50% mortality) consisting of neoplastic endothelial cells
What are the possible locations of angiosarcoma?
Skin, soft tissue, breast, bone, spleen, liver
What level of differentiation is found in angiosarcoma?
Varying degrees of differentiation
What is the liver involvement of angiosarcoma?
Associated with carcinogens (vinyl chloride, arsenic, thorotrast)
Kaposi’s sarcoma is derived from which cells?
Neoplastic endothelial and stromal cells
Which vascular neoplasia is associated with AIDS (1/3 of patients)?
Kaposi’s sarcoma
What is the presentation of Kaposi’s sarcoma?
Painful purple/brown nodules/plaques on hands, feet, face
If a patient presents with purple/brown nodules/plaques on hands, feet, and face, what is suspected?
Kaposi’s sarcoma
What are possible pathologies resulting from coronary bypass?
Vein or artery grafts are subjected to thrombosis, intimal thickening, atherosclerosis (and accompanying complications)
What is thrombolysis?
Treatment to lyse thrombi and emboli with plasminogen activators
What are some problems associated with thrombolysis?
Failure to lyse, reocclusion due to persistence of original blocker
What is balloon angioplasty?
Procedure causing luminal expansion of atherosclerotic arteries
What are some complications of balloon angioplasty?
Atherosclerotic plaque becomes “unstable”
Leads to plaque rupture, medial dissection, stretching of the media (exposure to collagen), proliferative restenosis
