Acquired Pre-Neoplastic Disorders Flashcards
What are acquired pre-neoplastic disorders?
Non-neoplastic disorders (and benign neoplasms) which have a well-defined association with malignancy
Give six examples of acquired pre-neoplastic disorders
- Bronchial metaplasia
- Endometrial hyperplasia
- Liver cirrhosis
- Chronic atrophic gastritis
- Ulcerative colitis
- Adenoma of the colon
Who is at risk for bronchial metaplasia?
Smokers, etc.
What is endometrial hyperplasia?
Thicker endometrial stripe in uterus leading to increased estrogen/sensitivity
What are some results of liver cirrhosis?
Hepatitis, hemachromatosis, alcoholism, etc.
What is chronic atrophic gastritis?
G cells go haywire with no negative feedback
Autoimmune disease against parietal/epithelial stomach cells
What is ulcerative colitis?
Autoimmune disease against colon cells
What is adenoma of the colon?
Not a malignancy, but a polyp
Increased risk of mutated genes
Which non-neoplastic disorder/benign neoplasm may be neoplastic?
Adenoma of the colon
What is initiation?
Exposure of cells to an appropriate dose of a carcinogenic agent (the initiator) which elicits a permanent DNA mutation
Name five common initiators
- Direct alkylating agents
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- Aromatic amines and azo dyes
- Naturally occurring carcinogens
- Nitrosamines and amides
What do direct alkylating agents do?
Add methyl or ethyl group
What is an example of a direct alkylating agent?
DAA: nitrogen mustard (chemotherapeutic); doxorubicin
Describe the appearance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)
Large, lace-like, hexagons
How are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons made?
Fat under high heat
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are good at…
stabilizing free radicals letting them live longer (danger)
Give an example of aromatic amines and azo dyes causing damage
Analine dye (varnish/stain) enters blood easily, activates free radicals causing liver damage
Give an example of naturally occurring carcinogens
Aflatoxin sometimes found in black mold
What is the effect of nitrosamines and amides?
Generates free radicals
Stomach cancer in SK from kimchi preservative sodium nitrate is an example of…
nitrosamines and amides acting as initiators
What is promotion?
Upon exposure of initiated cells to a second carcinogen (the promoter) induction of a neoplasm may occur (maybe in the cell itself)
What is the effect of promotors?
Triggers cell cycle
What are possible examples of promotors?
Dietary fats and estrogens
