Acquired Pre-Neoplastic Disorders Flashcards
What are acquired pre-neoplastic disorders?
Non-neoplastic disorders (and benign neoplasms) which have a well-defined association with malignancy
Give six examples of acquired pre-neoplastic disorders
- Bronchial metaplasia
- Endometrial hyperplasia
- Liver cirrhosis
- Chronic atrophic gastritis
- Ulcerative colitis
- Adenoma of the colon
Who is at risk for bronchial metaplasia?
Smokers, etc.
What is endometrial hyperplasia?
Thicker endometrial stripe in uterus leading to increased estrogen/sensitivity
What are some results of liver cirrhosis?
Hepatitis, hemachromatosis, alcoholism, etc.
What is chronic atrophic gastritis?
G cells go haywire with no negative feedback
Autoimmune disease against parietal/epithelial stomach cells
What is ulcerative colitis?
Autoimmune disease against colon cells
What is adenoma of the colon?
Not a malignancy, but a polyp
Increased risk of mutated genes
Which non-neoplastic disorder/benign neoplasm may be neoplastic?
Adenoma of the colon
What is initiation?
Exposure of cells to an appropriate dose of a carcinogenic agent (the initiator) which elicits a permanent DNA mutation
Name five common initiators
- Direct alkylating agents
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- Aromatic amines and azo dyes
- Naturally occurring carcinogens
- Nitrosamines and amides
What do direct alkylating agents do?
Add methyl or ethyl group
What is an example of a direct alkylating agent?
DAA: nitrogen mustard (chemotherapeutic); doxorubicin
Describe the appearance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)
Large, lace-like, hexagons
How are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons made?
Fat under high heat
