Basics of Neoplasia Flashcards

1
Q

Which species can get cancer?

A

Any multicellular species
ie. plants, sharks, etc

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2
Q

What is neoplasia?

A

New growth

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3
Q

What is neoplasm?

A

Solid new growth

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4
Q

What is a tumor?

A

Any nonspecific mass

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5
Q

What is oncology?

A

Study of tumors/masses

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6
Q

What is a benign neoplasm?

A

Not cancer; cannot invade

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7
Q

What is a malignant neoplasm?

A

Always cancer; can invade

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8
Q

What is differentiation?

A

Degree of resemblance of a tissue to the tissue of origin

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9
Q

Describe well-differentiated neoplasm

A

Kind of looks normal and tends to be benign

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10
Q

Describe poorly-differentiated neoplasm

A

Doesn’t look normal

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11
Q

Describe undifferentiated/anaplastic neoplasm

A

Looks totally different, acts different, tends to be malignant

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12
Q

Pathologists employ the concept of differentiation to…

A

develop a prognosis once a tentative diagnosis of neoplastic disease has been made

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13
Q

Patients with a well-differentiated neoplasm are more likely to…

A

survive for a longer period of time or may be completely cured with treatment

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14
Q

Patients with an anaplastic neoplasm are more likely to…

A

experience a lower survival rate and/or increased risk of mortality

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15
Q

What are the features of anaplasia?

A
  • Cellular pleomorphism and/or tumor giant cells
  • Hyperchromatism of nuclei
  • Prominent nucleolus
  • Frequency of mitoses
  • Disorientation of cells/loss of architecture
  • Metastasis
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16
Q

All neoplasms have which two components?

A
  • Parenchyma
  • Stroma
17
Q

What is parenchyma?

A

The proliferating neoplastic cells (by which the tumor is named)

18
Q

What is stroma?

A

Fibrous connective tissue and blood vessels

19
Q

If stromal component is minimal, the neoplasm will be…

A

soft and fleshy

20
Q

If there is an abundance of stroma, neoplasm will be…

A

dense and hard

21
Q

What is desmoplasia?

A

Abundant stroma in neoplasm making it dense and hard

22
Q

Which type of cells are the most common to proliferate into cancer?

A

Epithelial cells (especially linings)

23
Q

Give examples of epithelial linings that normally proliferate under normal conditions

A
  • Respiratory epithelium
  • Gastro-intestinal linings
  • Genito-urinary tract
  • Skin
24
Q

Glandular linings are also epithelium
Give an example of glandular lining that normally proliferates under normal conditions

A

Mammary gland

25
Do ovaries and testes normally proliferate under normal conditions?
Yes, they're always kind of dividing
26
Does bone marrow normally proliferate under normal conditions?
Yes
27
Activity of myoblasts, organ hypertrophy, and fetal tissue growth are all examples of...
tissues normally proliferating under normal conditions
28
Explain the proliferation of wound healing and possibility of mutation
Wound healing must recruit and proliferate cells Increased turnover leads to increased mutation