Neoplasia Risk due to Gender Flashcards

1
Q

What are some risk factors for pathogenesis of breast/cervical/uterine neoplasms?

A
  • Increasing age
  • Increased length of reproductive life
  • Decreased number of children
  • Obesity
  • Genetics
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2
Q

What are some detection methods of breast/cervical/uterine neoplasias?

A
  • Breast self-exam
  • Mammography
  • Pap smear
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3
Q

What are some current treatments for breast/cervical/uterine neoplasias?

A

Conventional (surgery, radiation, chemo) and anti-estrogen antibody therapy (role of estrogen receptors)

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4
Q

What is Herceptin?

A

Treatment for Her2/neu mutation

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5
Q

What is prostatic carcinoma?

A

A disease of elderly men (over 50 years) with >300,000 cases/year and 40,000 deaths
Men die with it, but not necessarily of it

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6
Q

PSA is secreted by…

A

prostate epithelium

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7
Q

What is the histological grading system for prostatic carcinoma?

A

Gleason score

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8
Q

Testosterone –> dihydrotestosterone functions as…

A

growth factor of prostatic epithelium

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9
Q

What are two substances playing roles in prostatic carcinoma?

A
  • Prostate specific antigen (PSA)
  • Testosterone/dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
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10
Q

The longer you’re male, the ___ your prostate

A

larger

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11
Q

What are some treatments of prostatic carcinoma?

A
  • Watchful waiting
  • Surgery
  • Brachytherapy (implant radioactive seeds/beads)
  • External radiation
  • Hormone therapy
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12
Q

What are some complications of surgery, brachytherapy, and external radiation for prostatic carcinoma?

A

Impotence and incontinence

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13
Q

What is finasteride?

A

5d reductase inhibitor used as treatment for prostatic carcinoma

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14
Q

What is TURP?

A

Trans urethral resection prostate (remove internally, no external incision) as prostatic carcinoma treatment

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15
Q

Name three adjunct therapies for prostatic carcinoma

A
  • Saw palmetto
  • Genistein
  • Lycopenes
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16
Q

What is saw palmetto?

A

An herb that inhibits DHT synthesis shrinking prostate
Adjunct treatment for prostatic carcinoma

17
Q

What is genistein?

A

A soy derivative that decreases angiogenesis, decreases epithelium cell cycle, blocks growth factor receptor, and acts as an anti-oxidant
Adjunct treatment for prostatic carcinoma

18
Q

What are lycopenes?

A

Anti-oxidants
Can be found in tomatoes

19
Q

What are some controversies around mammography?

A

Who should be screened? At what age? How frequently?

20
Q

What are some controversies around prostate cancer screening?

A

Who should be screened? What is the effect on quality of life?