Neoplasia Risk due to Gender Flashcards
What are some risk factors for pathogenesis of breast/cervical/uterine neoplasms?
- Increasing age
- Increased length of reproductive life
- Decreased number of children
- Obesity
- Genetics
What are some detection methods of breast/cervical/uterine neoplasias?
- Breast self-exam
- Mammography
- Pap smear
What are some current treatments for breast/cervical/uterine neoplasias?
Conventional (surgery, radiation, chemo) and anti-estrogen antibody therapy (role of estrogen receptors)
What is Herceptin?
Treatment for Her2/neu mutation
What is prostatic carcinoma?
A disease of elderly men (over 50 years) with >300,000 cases/year and 40,000 deaths
Men die with it, but not necessarily of it
PSA is secreted by…
prostate epithelium
What is the histological grading system for prostatic carcinoma?
Gleason score
Testosterone –> dihydrotestosterone functions as…
growth factor of prostatic epithelium
What are two substances playing roles in prostatic carcinoma?
- Prostate specific antigen (PSA)
- Testosterone/dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
The longer you’re male, the ___ your prostate
larger
What are some treatments of prostatic carcinoma?
- Watchful waiting
- Surgery
- Brachytherapy (implant radioactive seeds/beads)
- External radiation
- Hormone therapy
What are some complications of surgery, brachytherapy, and external radiation for prostatic carcinoma?
Impotence and incontinence
What is finasteride?
5d reductase inhibitor used as treatment for prostatic carcinoma
What is TURP?
Trans urethral resection prostate (remove internally, no external incision) as prostatic carcinoma treatment
Name three adjunct therapies for prostatic carcinoma
- Saw palmetto
- Genistein
- Lycopenes
What is saw palmetto?
An herb that inhibits DHT synthesis shrinking prostate
Adjunct treatment for prostatic carcinoma
What is genistein?
A soy derivative that decreases angiogenesis, decreases epithelium cell cycle, blocks growth factor receptor, and acts as an anti-oxidant
Adjunct treatment for prostatic carcinoma
What are lycopenes?
Anti-oxidants
Can be found in tomatoes
What are some controversies around mammography?
Who should be screened? At what age? How frequently?
What are some controversies around prostate cancer screening?
Who should be screened? What is the effect on quality of life?
