Plasma Derived Mediators of Inflammation Flashcards
Plasma derived mediators: Kinin system, complement system, coagulation system
The sequence of events of inflammation are dictated through…
release of mediators
Chemical mediators of inflammation act as…
on/off switches
Chemical mediator substances act to initiate and/or enhance an inflammatory reaction and originate from…
either plasma or cells
Chemical mediator substances may trigger the release of…
mediators by target cells themselves
What is the lifespan of substances initiating or enhancing inflammatory reactions?
Chemical mediators are short lived, a controlled phenomenon
Can chemical mediators of inflammation harm the host?
Yes, they may
What about chemical mediators allows them to amplify?
Redundancy
Cell and plasma derived chemical mediators work together to activate cells by…
binding specific things (receptors, cells) to the site of injury, stimulating release of additional soluble mediators
Cell and plasma derived chemical mediators have what sort of lifespan?
Relatively short-lived
Cell and plasma derived chemical mediators can be inhibited by…
This turns off the response allowing…
inhibited by intrinsic mechanisms
turns off the response allowing process to resolve
Mediator bradykinin is derived from what original source?
Plasma
Increased vascular permeability leads to…
edema
What are the three cascading and inter-related systems which are the source of chemical mediators from plasma?
- Kinin system
- Complement system
- Clotting (coagulation) system
What must occur before the clotting and kinin systems?
Hageman factor activation
What is bradykinin?
Derived from the kinin family of proteins; most important and potent chemical mediator in the kinin family
What are the inflammatory effects of bradykinin?
Highly associated with pain, also results in vasodilation, increased vascular permeability
Bradykinin is activated by… and is rapidly degraded
the coagulation system (Hageman factor)
The complement system includes which potent mediators of inflammation?
- C3a
- C5a
- C3b
- C5b-C9
Which mediators of inflammation from the complement system are anaphylotoxins?
C3a and C5a
What are the functions of C3a in the complement system?
- Vasodilation
- Increased vascular permeability
What are the functions of C5a in the complement system?
- Vasodilation
- Increased vascular permeability
- Chemotaxis
- Activates amino acid metabolism
What is the function of C3b in the complement system?
Opsonin
What is the function of C5b-C9 in the complement system?
Membrane attack complex (punches hole in plasma membrane)
In addition to activation via kinin cascade, which pathways activate the complement system?
- Classic pathway
- Alternate pathway
- Mannose binding pathway
complement system
The classic pathway is an interaction between…
antibody and antigen
complement system
The classic pathway requires what mediator to bind to the antibody?
C1
complement system
The alternate pathway requires what mediator to bind to the bacteria?
C3b
complement system
The alternate pathway is also known as… because it involves…
LPS pathway because it involves a lipopolysaccharide coat
complement system
When is the mannose binding pathway going to be applied?
When there is a long chain mannose on bacterial surface
The coagulation cascade is a family of proteins involved primarily in… but also play a role as…
involved primarily in blood-clot formation but also play a role as mediators of inflammation
What is thrombin made from?
Prothrombin and Hageman factor (XII)
What is fibrin made from?
Thrombin and fibrinogen
What is tPA?
Tissue plasminogen activator; medication for early ischemic stroke
What makes tPA?
Tissue
When plasminogen interacts with tPA, what is the result?
Plasmin (enzyme)
What enzyme will break fibrin into fibrin split products?
Plasmin
When fibrin interacts with plasmin, what is the result?
Fibrin split products
tPA is a medication for…
tPA will kill someone with…
medication for early ischemic stroke
will kill someone with hemorrhagic stroke
What are the effects of thrombin?
- Increased vascular permeability
- Increased WBC adherence to endothelium
- Increased fibroblast proliferation
- Tells tissue to become more sticky
What are the effects of fibrin split products?
- Increased vascular permeability
- Helps clear inflammatory proteins from tissue
What will plasmin cleave?
Cleaves C3 to form C3a and C3b
