Plasma Derived Mediators of Inflammation

Question 1

The sequence of events of inflammation are dictated through…

Answer 1

release of mediators

Question 2

Chemical mediators of inflammation act as…

Answer 2

on/off switches

Question 3

Chemical mediator substances act to initiate and/or enhance an inflammatory reaction and originate from…

Answer 3

either plasma or cells

Question 4

Chemical mediator substances may trigger the release of…

Answer 4

mediators by target cells themselves

Question 5

What is the lifespan of substances initiating or enhancing inflammatory reactions?

Answer 5

Chemical mediators are short lived, a controlled phenomenon

Question 6

Can chemical mediators of inflammation harm the host?

Answer 6

Yes, they may

Question 7

What about chemical mediators allows them to amplify?

Answer 7

Redundancy

Question 8

Cell and plasma derived chemical mediators work together to activate cells by…

Answer 8

binding specific things (receptors, cells) to the site of injury, stimulating release of additional soluble mediators

Question 9

Cell and plasma derived chemical mediators have what sort of lifespan?

Answer 9

Relatively short-lived

Question 10

Cell and plasma derived chemical mediators can be inhibited by…
This turns off the response allowing…

Answer 10

inhibited by intrinsic mechanisms
turns off the response allowing process to resolve

Question 11

Mediator bradykinin is derived from what original source?

Answer 11

Plasma

Question 12

Increased vascular permeability leads to…

Answer 12

edema

Question 13

What are the three cascading and inter-related systems which are the source of chemical mediators from plasma?

Answer 13

• Kinin system
• Complement system
• Clotting (coagulation) system

Question 14

What must occur before the clotting and kinin systems?

Answer 14

Hageman factor activation

Question 15

What is bradykinin?

Answer 15

Derived from the kinin family of proteins; most important and potent chemical mediator in the kinin family

Question 16

What are the inflammatory effects of bradykinin?

Answer 16

Highly associated with pain, also results in vasodilation, increased vascular permeability

Question 17

Bradykinin is activated by… and is rapidly degraded

Answer 17

the coagulation system (Hageman factor)

Question 18

The complement system includes which potent mediators of inflammation?

Answer 18

• C3a
• C5a
• C3b
• C5b-C9

Question 19

Which mediators of inflammation from the complement system are anaphylotoxins?

Answer 19

C3a and C5a

Question 20

What are the functions of C3a in the complement system?

Answer 20

• Vasodilation
• Increased vascular permeability

Question 21

What are the functions of C5a in the complement system?

Answer 21

• Vasodilation
• Increased vascular permeability
• Chemotaxis
• Activates amino acid metabolism

Question 22

What is the function of C3b in the complement system?

Answer 22

Opsonin

Question 23

What is the function of C5b-C9 in the complement system?

Answer 23

Membrane attack complex (punches hole in plasma membrane)

Question 24

In addition to activation via kinin cascade, which pathways activate the complement system?

Answer 24

• Classic pathway
• Alternate pathway
• Mannose binding pathway

Question 25

#complement system The classic pathway is an interaction between...

Answer 25

antibody and antigen

Question 26

#complement system The classic pathway requires what mediator to bind to the antibody?

Answer 26

C1

Question 27

#complement system The alternate pathway requires what mediator to bind to the bacteria?

Answer 27

C3b

Question 28

#complement system The alternate pathway is also known as... because it involves...

Answer 28

**LPS pathway** because it involves **a lipopolysaccharide coat**

Question 29

#complement system When is the mannose binding pathway going to be applied?

Answer 29

When there is a long chain mannose on bacterial surface

Question 30

The coagulation cascade is a family of proteins involved primarily in... but also play a role as...

Answer 30

involved primarily in **blood-clot formation** but also play a role as **mediators of inflammation**

Question 31

What is thrombin made from?

Answer 31

Prothrombin and Hageman factor (XII)

Question 32

What is fibrin made from?

Answer 32

Thrombin and fibrinogen

Question 33

What is tPA?

Answer 33

Tissue plasminogen activator; medication for early ischemic stroke

Question 34

What makes tPA?

Answer 34

Tissue

Question 35

When plasminogen interacts with tPA, what is the result?

Answer 35

Plasmin (enzyme)

Question 36

What enzyme will break fibrin into fibrin split products?

Answer 36

Plasmin

Question 37

When fibrin interacts with plasmin, what is the result?

Answer 37

Fibrin split products

Question 38

tPA is a medication for... tPA will kill someone with...

Answer 38

medication for **early ischemic stroke** will kill someone with **hemorrhagic stroke**

Question 39

What are the effects of thrombin?

Answer 39

* Increased vascular permeability * Increased WBC adherence to endothelium * Increased fibroblast proliferation * Tells tissue to become more sticky

Question 40

What are the effects of fibrin split products?

Answer 40

* Increased vascular permeability * Helps clear inflammatory proteins from tissue

Question 41

What will plasmin cleave?

Answer 41

Cleaves C3 to form C3a and C3b