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Principles of Physiopathology > Plasma Derived Mediators of Inflammation > Flashcards

Plasma Derived Mediators of Inflammation Flashcards

Plasma derived mediators: Kinin system, complement system, coagulation system

1
Q

The sequence of events of inflammation are dictated through…

A

release of mediators

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2
Q

Chemical mediators of inflammation act as…

A

on/off switches

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3
Q

Chemical mediator substances act to initiate and/or enhance an inflammatory reaction and originate from…

A

either plasma or cells

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4
Q

Chemical mediator substances may trigger the release of…

A

mediators by target cells themselves

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5
Q

What is the lifespan of substances initiating or enhancing inflammatory reactions?

A

Chemical mediators are short lived, a controlled phenomenon

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6
Q

Can chemical mediators of inflammation harm the host?

A

Yes, they may

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7
Q

What about chemical mediators allows them to amplify?

A

Redundancy

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8
Q

Cell and plasma derived chemical mediators work together to activate cells by…

A

binding specific things (receptors, cells) to the site of injury, stimulating release of additional soluble mediators

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9
Q

Cell and plasma derived chemical mediators have what sort of lifespan?

A

Relatively short-lived

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10
Q

Cell and plasma derived chemical mediators can be inhibited by…
This turns off the response allowing…

A

inhibited by intrinsic mechanisms
turns off the response allowing process to resolve

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11
Q

Mediator bradykinin is derived from what original source?

A

Plasma

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12
Q

Increased vascular permeability leads to…

A

edema

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13
Q

What are the three cascading and inter-related systems which are the source of chemical mediators from plasma?

A
  • Kinin system
  • Complement system
  • Clotting (coagulation) system
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14
Q

What must occur before the clotting and kinin systems?

A

Hageman factor activation

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15
Q

What is bradykinin?

A

Derived from the kinin family of proteins; most important and potent chemical mediator in the kinin family

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16
Q

What are the inflammatory effects of bradykinin?

A

Highly associated with pain, also results in vasodilation, increased vascular permeability

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17
Q

Bradykinin is activated by… and is rapidly degraded

A

the coagulation system (Hageman factor)

18
Q

The complement system includes which potent mediators of inflammation?

A
  • C3a
  • C5a
  • C3b
  • C5b-C9
19
Q

Which mediators of inflammation from the complement system are anaphylotoxins?

A

C3a and C5a

20
Q

What are the functions of C3a in the complement system?

A
  • Vasodilation
  • Increased vascular permeability
21
Q

What are the functions of C5a in the complement system?

A
  • Vasodilation
  • Increased vascular permeability
  • Chemotaxis
  • Activates amino acid metabolism
22
Q

What is the function of C3b in the complement system?

A

Opsonin

23
Q

What is the function of C5b-C9 in the complement system?

A

Membrane attack complex (punches hole in plasma membrane)

24
Q

In addition to activation via kinin cascade, which pathways activate the complement system?

A
  • Classic pathway
  • Alternate pathway
  • Mannose binding pathway
25
Q

complement system

The classic pathway is an interaction between…

A

antibody and antigen

26
Q

complement system

The classic pathway requires what mediator to bind to the antibody?

A

C1

27
Q

complement system

The alternate pathway requires what mediator to bind to the bacteria?

A

C3b

28
Q

complement system

The alternate pathway is also known as… because it involves…

A

LPS pathway because it involves a lipopolysaccharide coat

29
Q

complement system

When is the mannose binding pathway going to be applied?

A

When there is a long chain mannose on bacterial surface

30
Q

The coagulation cascade is a family of proteins involved primarily in… but also play a role as…

A

involved primarily in blood-clot formation but also play a role as mediators of inflammation

31
Q

What is thrombin made from?

A

Prothrombin and Hageman factor (XII)

32
Q

What is fibrin made from?

A

Thrombin and fibrinogen

33
Q

What is tPA?

A

Tissue plasminogen activator; medication for early ischemic stroke

34
Q

What makes tPA?

A

Tissue

35
Q

When plasminogen interacts with tPA, what is the result?

A

Plasmin (enzyme)

36
Q

What enzyme will break fibrin into fibrin split products?

A

Plasmin

37
Q

When fibrin interacts with plasmin, what is the result?

A

Fibrin split products

38
Q

tPA is a medication for…
tPA will kill someone with…

A

medication for early ischemic stroke
will kill someone with hemorrhagic stroke

39
Q

What are the effects of thrombin?

A
  • Increased vascular permeability
  • Increased WBC adherence to endothelium
  • Increased fibroblast proliferation
  • Tells tissue to become more sticky
40
Q

What are the effects of fibrin split products?

A
  • Increased vascular permeability
  • Helps clear inflammatory proteins from tissue
41
Q

What will plasmin cleave?

A

Cleaves C3 to form C3a and C3b

Principles of Physiopathology (36 decks)

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