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Principles of Physiopathology > Thrombi and Emboli > Flashcards

Thrombi and Emboli Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common cause of death in the U.S.?

A

Arterial thrombi

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2
Q

What are the three most common sites of arterial thrombi?

A
  1. Coronary
  2. Cerebral
  3. Femoral arteries
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3
Q

Arterial thrombi will result in…

A

ischemic infarction

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4
Q

Myocardial infarction involves what type of necrosis?

A

Coagulative

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5
Q

Cerebral infarction/stroke involves what type of necrosis?

A

Liquefactive

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6
Q

Renal infarction involves what type of necrosis?

A

Coagulative

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7
Q

What is phlebothrombosis?

A

Venous thrombosis

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8
Q

Where do red thrombi occur?

A

Within veins

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9
Q

What is the most common site of phlebothrombosis?

A

Superficial leg veins (varicose veins)

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10
Q

What is the most common clinical manifestation (and most clinically significant) of phlebothrombosis?

A

Deep vein thrombosis

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11
Q

If the tissue is pale, not swollen, and has gangrenous necrosis, what is the most likely type of thrombus?

A

Arterial thrombus

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12
Q

If the tissue is swollen and has changed color, what is the most likely type of thrombus?

A

Venous thrombus

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13
Q

What are lines of Zahn?

A

Morphological attribute of thrombi: alternating dark and light lines indicating start/stop growth pattern of clot

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14
Q

What is mural thrombi?

A

Thrombi attaching to wall of blood vessel and cardiac chamber

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15
Q

What are vegetations (infective endocarditis)?

A

Thrombi occurring at tip of valve due to strep and staph

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16
Q

What is verrucous (Libman sacks) endocarditis?

A

Autoimmune (lupus)
Thrombi occur on top of heart valves

17
Q

What are some clinical manifestations of deep vein thrombosis?

A
  • Edema of foot and ankle
  • Pain of foot and ankle (Homan’s sign)
  • Local ischemia - bacterial skin infections
  • Pulmonary embolization
18
Q

What is Homan’s sign?

A

Apprehension with contact of back of knee, pain of foot and ankle, a clinical manifestation of deep vein thrombosis

19
Q

What is pulmonary embolization?

A

Detached venous thrombosis travels to lung

20
Q

What are the potential fates of a thrombus in order of least to most severe?

A
  • Dissolution
  • Propagation
  • Organization
  • Recanalization
  • Embolization
21
Q

What is dissolution of a thrombus?

A

Blood clot dissolves by plasmin

22
Q

What is propagation of a thrombus?

A

Continued growth

23
Q

What is embolism?

A

A detached intravascular mass (any) that is carried by the blood to a site distant from its point of origin

24
Q

What is the most common type of embolism?

A

Thromboembolism

25
Q

Thromboembolism results in…

A

partial or complete occlusion of vessel lumina

26
Q

Thromboembolus may lodge in ___ or ___

A

pulmonary (venous) or systemic (arterial) circulation

27
Q

Fat embolism usually occurs with…

A

long bone fracture

28
Q

If a substance turns red with acid-fast staining, it is…

A

fat

29
Q

What type of embolism is involved in “the Bends”?

A

Air embolism in venous system

30
Q

What is an amniotic embolism?

A

Birth complication: placental tear/abruption, fetus sheds epithelial cells that are expressed in mother’s blood

31
Q

What is the most common preventable death in hospitalized patients?

A

Pulmonary emboli (role of ambulation and anticoagulants)

32
Q

Deep leg vein thrombi can lead to…

A

pulmonary emboli

33
Q

What is a saddle embolus?

A

Large emboli at bifurcation of pulmonary trunk

34
Q

Systemic emboli have what origin?

A

Arterial (left ventricle, atherosclerotic plaques)

35
Q

What is the most common site of lodgment for systemic emboli?

A

Lower extremities (75%)

36
Q

What are three sites of lodgment for systemic emboli?

A
  • Lower extremities
  • Brain
  • VIscera

Principles of Physiopathology (36 decks)

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