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Principles of Physiopathology > Cellular Participants in Inflammation > Flashcards

Cellular Participants in Inflammation Flashcards

Going over cell types involved in inflammation

1
Q

Stem cells can become ___ or ___

A

myeloid or lymphoid

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2
Q

Granulocytes are what type of stem cell?

A

Myeloid

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3
Q

Agranulocytes are what type of stem cell?

A

Lymphoid

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4
Q

Name the granulocytes

A
  • Neutrophils
  • Eosinophils
  • Basophils
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5
Q

What cell attribute carries inflammatory mediators?

A

Granules

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6
Q

Name the agranulocytes

A
  • Lymphocytes
  • Monocytes
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7
Q

What is the distribution of the different types of leukocytes in circulation?

A

60% neutrophils
30% lymphocytes
8% monocytes
2% eosinophils
0% basophils
(Never Let My Engine Blow)

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8
Q

Neutrophils are also known as…

A

polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)

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9
Q

Where do neutrophils originate?

A

Bone marrow

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10
Q

How long do neutrophils circulate?

A

10 hours

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11
Q

At the site of the injury, how long will neutrophils survive?

A

48 hours

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12
Q

What do neutrophils release?

A
  • PAF
  • Leukotrienes
  • Prostaglandins
  • Lysosomal enzymes
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13
Q

When are eosinophils found?

A
  • Allergic reactions
  • Parasitic infections
  • Hodgkin’s disease
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14
Q

The granules in eosinophils contain…

A

histaminase

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15
Q

What does histaminase break down?

A

Histamine

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16
Q

Describe the nuclei of eosinophils

A

Bilobed nuclei

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17
Q

Basophils are involved in…

A

certain hypersensitivity reactions

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18
Q

What do basophils release?

A

Histamine and heparin

19
Q

What is the effect of histamine on blood vessels?

A

Vasodilation (superstar of inflammation)

20
Q

More basophils means more…

A

histamine

21
Q

Which cells are key players in later stages of acute inflammation and all stages of chronic inflammation?

A

Macrophages

22
Q

What are Kupffer cells?

A

Macrophages in liver

23
Q

Where are alveolar macrophages?

A

Lungs

24
Q

What is a histiocyte?

A

Macrophage in a nonspecific tissue

25
Q

What is a microglial cell?

A

Macrophage of CNS

26
Q

What is an osteoclast?

A

Macrophage of bone

27
Q

Macrophages are derived from…

A

monocytes in blood vessels

28
Q

Describe the movement of macrophages

A

The cell is actively motile

29
Q

What do macrophages release?

A
  • PAF
  • Leukotrienes
  • Prostaglandins
  • Cytokines
  • Lysosomal enzymes
30
Q

Activation of macrophages results in changes that permit…

A

phagocytosis

31
Q

What are the two types of lymphocytes?

A

T and B lymphocytes

32
Q

T lymphocytes “go to college” in the…

A

thymus

33
Q

60-70% of circulating lymphocytes are…

A

T lymphocytes

34
Q

Which lymphocytes are responsible for cell-mediated immunity?

A

T lymphocytes

35
Q

What are the two subsets of T lymphocytes?

A

CD4 and CD8

36
Q

What are CD4 T lymphocytes?
What is their function?

A

Helper/inducer T cells
Master regulators, secrete cytokines, play a role in AIDS

37
Q

What are CD8 T lymphocytes?
What is their function?

A

Cytotoxic/suppressor T cells
Secrete cytokines causing cell lysis (kills non recognized cells)

38
Q

What are T lymphocytes looking for when targeting cells?

A

Cell surface antigens

39
Q

Where are B lymphocytes sent to mature?

A

Bone marrow

40
Q

Which lymphocytes are responsible for humoral immunity?

A

B lymphocytes

41
Q

Antigen-stimulated B cells are also known as…

A

plasma cells and memory cells

42
Q

B lymphocytes/plasma cells synthesize which antibodies?

A
  • IgG
  • IgD
  • IgM
  • IgE
  • IgA
43
Q

Cytokines stimulate plasma cells to…

A

synthesize antibodies

Principles of Physiopathology (36 decks)

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