Cellular Participants in Inflammation Flashcards
Going over cell types involved in inflammation
Stem cells can become ___ or ___
myeloid or lymphoid
Granulocytes are what type of stem cell?
Myeloid
Agranulocytes are what type of stem cell?
Lymphoid
Name the granulocytes
- Neutrophils
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
What cell attribute carries inflammatory mediators?
Granules
Name the agranulocytes
- Lymphocytes
- Monocytes
What is the distribution of the different types of leukocytes in circulation?
60% neutrophils
30% lymphocytes
8% monocytes
2% eosinophils
0% basophils
(Never Let My Engine Blow)
Neutrophils are also known as…
polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)
Where do neutrophils originate?
Bone marrow
How long do neutrophils circulate?
10 hours
At the site of the injury, how long will neutrophils survive?
48 hours
What do neutrophils release?
- PAF
- Leukotrienes
- Prostaglandins
- Lysosomal enzymes
When are eosinophils found?
- Allergic reactions
- Parasitic infections
- Hodgkin’s disease
The granules in eosinophils contain…
histaminase
What does histaminase break down?
Histamine
Describe the nuclei of eosinophils
Bilobed nuclei
Basophils are involved in…
certain hypersensitivity reactions
What do basophils release?
Histamine and heparin
What is the effect of histamine on blood vessels?
Vasodilation (superstar of inflammation)
More basophils means more…
histamine
Which cells are key players in later stages of acute inflammation and all stages of chronic inflammation?
Macrophages
What are Kupffer cells?
Macrophages in liver
Where are alveolar macrophages?
Lungs
What is a histiocyte?
Macrophage in a nonspecific tissue
What is a microglial cell?
Macrophage of CNS
What is an osteoclast?
Macrophage of bone
Macrophages are derived from…
monocytes in blood vessels
Describe the movement of macrophages
The cell is actively motile
What do macrophages release?
- PAF
- Leukotrienes
- Prostaglandins
- Cytokines
- Lysosomal enzymes
Activation of macrophages results in changes that permit…
phagocytosis
What are the two types of lymphocytes?
T and B lymphocytes
T lymphocytes “go to college” in the…
thymus
60-70% of circulating lymphocytes are…
T lymphocytes
Which lymphocytes are responsible for cell-mediated immunity?
T lymphocytes
What are the two subsets of T lymphocytes?
CD4 and CD8
What are CD4 T lymphocytes?
What is their function?
Helper/inducer T cells
Master regulators, secrete cytokines, play a role in AIDS
What are CD8 T lymphocytes?
What is their function?
Cytotoxic/suppressor T cells
Secrete cytokines causing cell lysis (kills non recognized cells)
What are T lymphocytes looking for when targeting cells?
Cell surface antigens
Where are B lymphocytes sent to mature?
Bone marrow
Which lymphocytes are responsible for humoral immunity?
B lymphocytes
Antigen-stimulated B cells are also known as…
plasma cells and memory cells
B lymphocytes/plasma cells synthesize which antibodies?
- IgG
- IgD
- IgM
- IgE
- IgA
Cytokines stimulate plasma cells to…
synthesize antibodies
