Cellular Participants in Inflammation

Question 1

Stem cells can become ___ or ___

Answer 1

myeloid or lymphoid

Question 2

Granulocytes are what type of stem cell?

Answer 2

Myeloid

Question 3

Agranulocytes are what type of stem cell?

Answer 3

Lymphoid

Question 4

Name the granulocytes

Answer 4

• Neutrophils
• Eosinophils
• Basophils

Question 5

What cell attribute carries inflammatory mediators?

Answer 5

Granules

Question 6

Name the agranulocytes

Answer 6

• Lymphocytes
• Monocytes

Question 7

What is the distribution of the different types of leukocytes in circulation?

Answer 7

60% neutrophils
30% lymphocytes
8% monocytes
2% eosinophils
0% basophils
(Never Let My Engine Blow)

Question 8

Neutrophils are also known as…

Answer 8

polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)

Question 9

Where do neutrophils originate?

Answer 9

Bone marrow

Question 10

How long do neutrophils circulate?

Answer 10

10 hours

Question 11

At the site of the injury, how long will neutrophils survive?

Answer 11

48 hours

Question 12

What do neutrophils release?

Answer 12

• PAF
• Leukotrienes
• Prostaglandins
• Lysosomal enzymes

Question 13

When are eosinophils found?

Answer 13

• Allergic reactions
• Parasitic infections
• Hodgkin’s disease

Question 14

The granules in eosinophils contain…

Answer 14

histaminase

Question 15

What does histaminase break down?

Answer 15

Histamine

Question 16

Describe the nuclei of eosinophils

Answer 16

Bilobed nuclei

Question 17

Basophils are involved in…

Answer 17

certain hypersensitivity reactions

Question 18

What do basophils release?

Answer 18

Histamine and heparin

Question 19

What is the effect of histamine on blood vessels?

Answer 19

Vasodilation (superstar of inflammation)

Question 20

More basophils means more…

Answer 20

histamine

Question 21

Which cells are key players in later stages of acute inflammation and all stages of chronic inflammation?

Answer 21

Macrophages

Question 22

What are Kupffer cells?

Answer 22

Macrophages in liver

Question 23

Where are alveolar macrophages?

Answer 23

Lungs

Question 24

What is a histiocyte?

Answer 24

Macrophage in a nonspecific tissue

Question 25

What is a microglial cell?

Answer 25

Macrophage of CNS

Question 26

What is an osteoclast?

Answer 26

Macrophage of bone

Question 27

Macrophages are derived from...

Answer 27

monocytes in blood vessels

Question 28

Describe the movement of macrophages

Answer 28

The cell is actively motile

Question 29

What do macrophages release?

Answer 29

* PAF * Leukotrienes * Prostaglandins * Cytokines * Lysosomal enzymes

Question 30

Activation of macrophages results in changes that permit...

Answer 30

phagocytosis

Question 31

What are the two types of lymphocytes?

Answer 31

T and B lymphocytes

Question 32

T lymphocytes "go to college" in the...

Answer 32

thymus

Question 33

60-70% of circulating lymphocytes are...

Answer 33

T lymphocytes

Question 34

Which lymphocytes are responsible for cell-mediated immunity?

Answer 34

T lymphocytes

Question 35

What are the two subsets of T lymphocytes?

Answer 35

CD4 and CD8

Question 36

What are CD4 T lymphocytes? What is their function?

Answer 36

Helper/inducer T cells Master regulators, secrete cytokines, play a role in AIDS

Question 37

What are CD8 T lymphocytes? What is their function?

Answer 37

Cytotoxic/suppressor T cells Secrete cytokines causing cell lysis (kills non recognized cells)

Question 38

What are T lymphocytes looking for when targeting cells?

Answer 38

Cell surface antigens

Question 39

Where are B lymphocytes sent to mature?

Answer 39

Bone marrow

Question 40

Which lymphocytes are responsible for humoral immunity?

Answer 40

B lymphocytes

Question 41

Antigen-stimulated B cells are also known as...

Answer 41

plasma cells and memory cells

Question 42

B lymphocytes/plasma cells synthesize which antibodies?

Answer 42

* IgG * IgD * IgM * IgE * IgA

Question 43

Cytokines stimulate plasma cells to...

Answer 43

synthesize antibodies