Basic Terms/Concepts

Question 1

Name the “seven pillars”; the aspects of a disease that form the core of pathology

Answer 1

1. Etiology
2. Pathogenesis
3. Manifestation
4. Progression
5. Diagnosis
6. Treatment
7. Prognosis

Question 2

What is etiology?

Answer 2

Cause of pathology

Question 3

What is pathogenesis?

Answer 3

“Dominos” leading to pathology occurring before diagnosis

Question 4

What is manifestation?

Answer 4

Pathology has been or can reasonably be diagnosed

Question 5

What is progression?

Answer 5

The course of the disease as it worsens or spreads

Question 6

What is prophylactic treatment?

Answer 6

Preventative treatment

Question 7

What is proper treatment?

Answer 7

Treatment occurs after symptoms present

Question 8

What is prognosis?

Answer 8

Likely outcome of disease

Question 9

What does it mean if a symptom is focal?

Answer 9

Location is known and well circumscribed

Question 10

What does it mean if a symptom is diffuse?

Answer 10

Unclear where symptom starts and ends

Question 11

Microscopic tissues can be seen by…
Macroscopic tissues can be seen by…

Answer 11

microscopic: microscope
macroscopic: naked eye

Question 12

How does an eosinophilic tissue appear with H&E staining?

Answer 12

Absent nucleus; necrotic (dying)

Question 13

How does a basophilic tissue appear with H&E staining?

Answer 13

Large nucleus; dividing

Question 14

If something is endogenous, where does it come from?
And if exogenous?

Answer 14

endogenous: from within
exogenous: from exterior

Question 15

What is morbidity?

Answer 15

Refers to illness

Question 16

What is mortality?

Answer 16

Refers to death

Question 17

What is co-morbidity?

Answer 17

State of more than one disease

Question 18

In response to a stimulus, cells undergo changes including…

Answer 18

• cellular adaptation
• reversible cell injury
  Note: irreversible cell injury is cell death

Question 19

The potential for regeneration refers to what ability of the cell?

Answer 19

Division

Question 20

Describe labile cells with examples

Answer 20

They continuously renew their cell population
ex. skin, anything epithelial

Question 21

Describe stable cells with examples

Answer 21

They potentially expand their cell population
ex. osteoblast, chondroblast, stem cells, hepatocytes

Question 22

Describe permanent cells with examples

Answer 22

Cell population is static
ex. striated muscle, CNS neurons

Question 23

The ability of a tissue or organ to adapt to an injury/stress is dictated by what six factors?

Answer 23

1. Potential for regeneration
2. Severity of the injury
3. Duration of the injury
4. Condition of the cell
5. Location of the cell
6. Degree of cell specialization