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Principles of Physiopathology > Hemorrhage > Flashcards

Hemorrhage Flashcards

1
Q

What is hemorrhage?

A

Bleeding from a vessel; can be pinpoint

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2
Q

What are some causes of hemorrhage?

A
  • Trauma
  • Aneurysms
  • Erosion; microbes, neoplasia
  • Vitamin deficiency
  • Thrombocytopenia
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3
Q

Which vitamin deficiency is most likely to cause hemorrhage?

A

Vitamin K deficiency (involved in clotting)

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4
Q

What is an aneurysms?

A

Focal dilation of a vessel

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5
Q

What is thrombocytopenia?

A

Low platelet count

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6
Q

Clinical significance of hemorrhage is dependent on…

A
  • volume of blood loss
  • rate of blood loss
  • location of hemorrhage
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7
Q

What are some causes of hemothorax?

A

Rib fracture, stab wound, artery lesion, etc.

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8
Q

What are some causes of hemopericardium?

A
  • Coronary artery aneurysm blows
  • Ascending aorta aneurysm blows
  • One week after heart attack
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9
Q

If the coronary artery or ascending aorta has an aneurysm that blows, what hemorrhage term would apply?

A

Hemopericardium

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10
Q

What are some causes of hemoperitoneum?

A
  • Abdominal aortic aneurysm
  • Tumor in abdomen invades and erodes mesentery
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11
Q

If the abdominal aorta has an aneurysm or there is a tumor in the abdomen invading and eroding the mesentery, what hemorrhage term would apply?

A

Hemoperitoneum

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12
Q

What are some causes of hemarthrosis?

A
  • Trauma
  • Low platelet count
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13
Q

Hemothorax, hemopericardium, hemoperitoneum, and hemarthrosis are all ___ hemorrhages

A

geographic

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14
Q

What is a hematoma?

A

Nonspecific hemorrhage into tissue

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15
Q

What is purpura?

A

Multiple <1cm hemorrhages appear as purple dots

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16
Q

What are the tendencies of purpura?

A

Tend to be systemic; bilateral and symmetrical

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17
Q

What is the most common cause of vasculitis in children?

A

Henoch-Schönlein purpura (bilateral rash)

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18
Q

How do blood vessels behave with senile purpura?

A

Blood vessels don’t heal as well

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19
Q

What is ecchymosis?

A

Common skin bruise ie. black eye

20
Q

What are petechiae?

A

Pin point/splinter hemorrhages 1-3mm

21
Q

Where can petechiae occur?

A

Skin, intracranial, or digestive system

22
Q

Choking is likely to cause which type of hemorrhage?

A

Petechiae

23
Q

What is idiopathic (autoimmune) thrombocytopenic purpura?

A

Syndrome in which antibodies against platelet or megakaryocytic antigens cause thrombocytopenia

24
Q

What is the experience of children with acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura?

A

Sudden onset of petechiae and purpura, but otherwise asymptomatic
Spontaneous recovery occurs within 6 months in over 80% of cases

25
Q

The major threat of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (<1% of cases) is…

A

intracranial hemorrhage

26
Q

What is the experience of adults with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura?

A

Bleeding episodes, such as epistaxis, menorrhagia or ecchymoses, and excessive bleeding after trauma and minor procedures (ie. tooth extraction)
Life-threatening hemorrhages are uncommon

27
Q

Hemophilia A is also known as…

A

factor VIII deficiency

28
Q

What is the most common X-linked inherited bleeding disorder?

A

Hemophilia A

29
Q

What are the bleeding tendencies in patients with hemophilia A?

A

Mild, moderate, or severe bleeding tendencies

30
Q

In most with hemophilia A, the severity of the illness parallels…

A

factor VIII activity in the blood

31
Q

What is the most frequent complication of hemophilia A?

A

Degenerative joint disease caused by repeated bleeding into many joints

32
Q

What is factor VIII?

A

A clotting factor

33
Q

Hematuria, intestinal obstruction, and respiratory obstruction may all occur with bleeding into the respective organs caused by…

A

hemophilia A

34
Q

What is hemophilia B?

A

An X-linked inherited disorder of factor IX deficiency

35
Q

Which disorder is an X-linked factor IX deficiency?

A

Hemophilia B

36
Q

Which disorder is an X-lined factor VIII deficiency?

A

Hemophilia A

37
Q

What is factor IX?

A

Vitamin K-dependent protein made in the liver acting as a clotting factor

38
Q

What are the bleeding manifestations of hemophilia B?

A

Like those of hemophilia A

39
Q

What is von Willebrand disease?

A

Heterogenous complex of hereditary bleeding disorders related to deficiency or abnormality of vWF (con Willebrand factor)

40
Q

Except for type III, most cases of vWD entail…

A

only a mild bleeding diathesis

41
Q

If there is immediate mucocutaneous bleeding such as easy bruising, epistaxis, GI bleeding, and menorrhagia in women, what disorder/disease is most likely?

A

von Willebrand disease

42
Q

What is often the presenting symptom of von Willebrand disease?

A

Excessive hemorrhage after trauma or surgery

43
Q

Patients with type III vWD may have life-threatening…

A

hemorrhage from the gut

44
Q

Patients with von Willebrand disease share what experience with those with hemophilia?

A

Hemarthroses

45
Q

Which hemorrhage disorder/disease is most likely for a woman experiencing spontaneous abortions/miscarriage?

A

von Willebrand disease

Principles of Physiopathology (36 decks)

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