UWorld_4.6 Flashcards
1
Q
Classes of Dopamine agonists
A
- ergot compounds
- bromocriptine
- pergolide
- non-ergot compounds
- pramipexole
- ropinirole
2
Q
CCl4 toxicity ==>
A
- CCl4 oxidized by P450 ==> CCl3 = free radical that reacts with lipid membrane components
- ==> fatty change and hepatocyte necrosis
3
Q
Primidone: MOA, use
A
- first line for benign essential tremor
- breaks down to phenobarbitol <== must track levels to prevent toxicity/AMS
4
Q
Mechanism of sympathetic transmission
A
- generally: 2 neuron system from spinal cord
- first neuron releases ACh @ nicotinic receptor @ sympathetic ganglion
- second neuron releases NE @ various organs: heart, smooth m., nerve terminals)
- exceptions:
- adrenal medulla = one neuron releases ACh directly @ medulla ==> systemic epinephrine + NE release
- sweat glands = second neuron releases ACh onto a muscarinic receptor
- kidney vasculature = second neuron releases DA
5
Q
t1/2 =
A
t1/2 = (Vd x ln2)/CL
ln2 = ~.7
6
Q
common mechanism of carcinogenesis of chemical in human pody
A
- many chemicals enter as pro-carcinogens
- **oxidation by CYP450 system ==> carcinogen
- e.g. cyp450 monooxogenase = present @ hepatic microsomes & ER of other cells
7
Q
SGLT2 inhibitors: MOA, use, SE
A
- e.g. canagliflozin, dapagliflozin
- oral anti-diabetic agents
- work to decrease proximal tubular reabsorption of glucose
- SE
- renal damage
- UTIs
- hypotension
- **monitor Cr
8
Q
E.coli virulence factors
A
- LPS ==> IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha ==> bacteremia and sepsis
- K1 capsular polysacc ==> prevents phago/complement lysis ==> neonatal meningitis
- Vertoxon/Shiga-like ==> 60S inhibition => cell death ==> bloody diarrhea + HUS
- Heat-labile/stable toxins ==> fluid and electrolyte secretion ==> watery diarrhea
- P fimbraie ==> urothelial adherence ==> UTI
9
Q
Amlodipine: MOA, use, SE
A
- MOA: ca-channel blocker
- use: HTN
- SE: flushing and peripheral edema
10
Q
Enzyme mutation ==> hyperglycemia in pregnancy
A
glucokinase = glucose sensor in pancreatic beta cells
11
Q
Proton-pump i: e.g. and MOA
A
- Omeprazole
- Lansoprazole
- MOA: acts on H+/K+ ATPase pump ==> inhibition of final common pathway of acid secretion
- will decrease acid secretion in response to any stimulus
12
Q
Product that accumulates in aging cells
A
lipofuscin = product of lipid peroxidation
13
Q
HIV tx ==> fat redistribution/hyperglycemia
A
protease inhibitors (-navirs)
14
Q
Antibiotic tx for lung abcess
A
clindamycin (for anaerobic coverage)
15
Q
Nerves and vessels that supply ovary contained in…
A
suspensory ligament
