Rx_2.3 Flashcards
Characteristics of vWD
- autosomal dominant
- deficiency/dysfxn of vWF
- vWF = platelet adhesion + carrier molecule for factor VIII ==>
- reduced ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation
- prolonged partial thromboplastin
Trinucleotide repeat diseases
- CAG @ chromosome 4 = Huntington’s
- GAA @ chromosome 9 = Friedrich’s ataxia
- CTG @ chromosome 19 = Myotonic dystrophy
- CGG on X chromosome = Fragile X
Drug used to prevent NSAID-induced gastric ulcers + MOA
- misoprostol = prostaglandin E1 analog
- NSAIDs ==: inhibition of prostaglandins ==> increased acid secretion/reduced bicarb/reduced mucous barrier ==> ulcer
- misoprostol acts as a prostaglandin and antagonizes these effects and prevents ulcers
Misoprostol: uses + SEs
- uses
- prevention of NSAID-induced ulcers
- maintain PDA
- medical termination of pregnancy (w/mifepristone)
- SEs
- induction of labor
- uterine cramps
Genetic problem/mutation ==> cystic fibrosis
- deletion of phenylalanine on chromosome 7
Genetic problem/mutation ==> duchenne’s muscular dystrophy
- frame-shift mutation = nucleotide insertion or deletion ==> altered reading frame
- X chromosome
Genetic problem/mutation ==> sickle cell
- missense mutation: glutamic acid substitued for valine
FAP results from ….?
- mutation in APC gene on chromosome 5
Abnormality on chromosome 11 = ?
wilms’ tumor
Abnormality on chromosome 13 = ?
- retinoblastoma
- osteosarcoma
Abnormality on chromosome 22 = ?
- neurofibromatosis type 2
Peaked T waves on ECG = ?
hyperkalemia
Common cause of hyperkalemia in pt/ w/HTN
pottasium-sparing diuretic, e.g. Spironolactone
Cimetidine: MOA, SE
- MOA = H2 antagonist
- used to tx ulcers
- SE
- headache, confusion
- thrombocytopenia
- inhibition of cytochrome P-450 system
- anti-androgen effects
- increased prolactin ==>
- gynecomastia
- impotence
- decreased libido
Characteristics of I-cell disease
- failure to phorphorylate mannose residues ==> mannose-6-phosphate ==>
- exocytosis of enzymes that should be targeted to the lysosome
- ==> intracellular inclusion that are not properly degraded by lysosomal enzymes
Diabetic meds that ==> hypoglycemia
- any med that increases/promotes insulin secretion can lead to hypoglycemia
- e.g.
- insulin = IM injection
- sulfonylurea drugs
- glyburide = oral
Acarbose: MOA, use, SE
- MOA: inhibits intestinal brush-border alpha-glucosidase (prevents release of glucose from starches/disaccharides)
- use: T2D antihyperglycemic drug
- SE: GI disurbance
Exenatide: MOA, use, SE
- MOA: glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonist
- delays gastric emptying and enhance’s glucose-dependent insulin secretion
- subq administration
- use: T2D
- SE
- not associated w/hypoglycemia when used alone
- GI disturbance
- increased risk of pancreatitis
Metformin: MOA, use, SE
- MOA: not exactly known, may decrease gluconeogenesis and increase insulin sensitivity
- use: FIRST LINE in T2D
- SE
- few adverse effects
- contraindicated in renal failure (==> lactic acidosis)
Liver polypeptides enter circulation @ …?
hepatic vein
Sore midline neck mass in child ==> dx?
- infected thyroglossal duct cyst
- result of peristent pathway between site of thyroid embryo development (primitive pharynx) and eventual location in neck
- duct normally involutes, but may remain and become infected
Polymyxins: MOA, use, SE
- MOA: destroy gram-negative bacteria by binding cell membrane phospholipids and acting as a detergent
- Use: severe gram-negative infections resistant to less toxic antimicrobials
- SE
- numbness @ extremities
- nephrotoxocity
- dizziness
- drowsiness, confusion
- nystagmus, blurred vision
