UWorld_3.25

Question 1

Most common cause of elevated AFP on triple test

Answer 1

underestimation of fetal age ==> do US to confirm

Question 2

Histo/gross path of late stage Type II DM

Answer 2

amyloid deposition @ pancreatic islet cells

Question 3

Most important m. in performing valsalva maneuver

Answer 3

rectus muscle (abdominal)

Question 4

Levels of reproductive hormones in menopause

Answer 4

-estrogen levels drop -FSH levels increase due to loss of feedback -LH levels increase later on, but less predictably

Question 5

Muscles innervated by CN III

Answer 5

-inferior, superior, and medial rectus -inferior oblique -levator palpebrae -parasympathetic fibers ==> iris sphincter & ciliary muscle

Question 6

Impact of cystic fibrosis mutation on channels

Answer 6

• ==> abnormalities in CFTR transmembrane protein - ==> decreased Cl- excretion ==> increased Na and water reabsorption (to balance) - ==> dehydrated/excess mucous

Question 7

Cause of brown pigment stones

Answer 7

-secondary to infection of biliary tract -injured hepatocytes/bacteria ==> release of B-glucoronidase ==> increased unconjugated bilirubin @ bile

Question 8

Selegiline: MOA

Answer 8

MAO-B inhibitor

Question 9

Methotrexate toxicity antidote

Answer 9

Folinic acid

Question 10

Cell types that cannot use ketone bodies as energy

Answer 10

-erythrocytes (no mitochondria) -hepatocytes (lacks thiophorase: succinyl-CoA - acetoacetate CoA transferase)

Question 11

Neurologic problems in B12 deficiency

Answer 11

==> subacute degeneration ==> degeneration of both ascending (dorsal) and descending (corticospinal) pathways ==> loss of position/vibration sense, ataxia, and spastic paresis