Rx_Random Set #3 Flashcards
Adverse effects of phenytoin
- gingival hyperplasia
- megaloblastic anemia
- teratogenesis
- SLE-like sx
Infectious causes of dilated cardiomyopathy
coxsackievirus B
Presentation of dilated cardiomyopathy
- S3 heart sound
- dyspnea
- fluid overload + CHF
- CHF ==>elevated b-type natriuretic peptide
elevated b-type natriuretic peptide indicates?
CHF
Most common cancer of bone
metastatic cancer >> primary cancer of bone
Older man + back pain + elevated alkaline phosphatase + bone lesions: Dx (most likely)?
metastatic neoplasia
Acute-phase cytokine
- IL-6
- produced by T lymphocytes
Common acute & chronic tx for Gout
- NSAIDs
- common acute: indomethacin
- common chronic: probenecid
Common cause of this non-pruritic rash? + common patients w/condition?
- Poxvirus (Molluscum contagiosum)
- Patients:
- children
- immunosuppressed
Tumor @ cerebellopontine angle w/spindle cells + pink cytoplasm forming whorls and palisades on histology
Schwannoma
Common sx of schwannoma
- dizziness
- tinnitus
- poor balance
- hearing loss
- increasing ICP
Characteristics of schwannoma
- third most common primary intracranial tumor
- often localized to cranial nerve VIII (acoustic neuroma)
- commonly seen @ cerebellopontine angle
Muscular paraneoplastic syndrome derived from small cell lung cancer
- Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
- facial muscle or proximal muscle weakness
- weakness improves with muscle use
Associations with Turner Syndrome
- short stature
- webbed neck
- wide-set nipples
- ovarian dysgenesis
- bicuspid aortic valve
- horseshoe kidney/renal abnormalities ==> WILMS TUMOR
Infectious cause (+ class of pathogen): Genital ulcer + pain + erythematous base + bleeds w/manipulation
- Haemophilus ducreyi ==> Chancroid ulcers
- H. ducreyi = gram-negative coccobacillus
Characteristics of trichomoniasis
- STD
- sx:
- vaginal itching
- dysuria
- foul-smelling green discharge
- histopath:
- trophozoites in vaginal discharge
Dx of Prerenal azotemia
- urine osmolality > 500 mOSm/kg
- urine Na+ < 20 mEq/L
- fractional excretion of Na+ < 1%
- serum BUN/Cr > 20
Characteristics of Whipple’s disease
- cause: T. whipplei
- sx:
- weight loss
- diarrhea
- arthralgias
- histopath:
- PAS-staining macrophages @ lamina propria on intestinal biopsy
Common complications of sickle cell trait
- episodic hematuria
- inability to concentrate urine
- autosplenectomy at high altititudes
Tx of P. jiroveci infections in patients w/sulfa allergies
- aerosolized pentamidine
Common diagnostic test for HIV
- western blot
- protein-antibody hybridization
Swimmer’s ear: cause & tx
- cause: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- tx: aminoglycoside + extended-spectrum penecillin
- amino = gentamicin
- ext-spec pen = piperacillin-tazobactam
Possible structural disruption w/surgical access to femoral artery
- most likely = deep inguinal lymph nodes
- inguinal lymph nodes enclosed inside the femroal sheath which must be opened to access femoral artery
Fetal vs. Adult Hemoglobin
- Fetal = HbF-a2y2
- increased affinity for oxygen vs. adult hemoglobin
- ==> left shift in hte oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve
- Adult = HbA
