Rx_Random Set #2 Flashcards
Major nutritional deficiency/syndromes in CF?
- pancreatic insuffiency ==> deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins (A, K, E, D)
- A ==> night blind/dry skin
- K ==> coag problems
- E ==> RBC dysfxn
- D ==> Rickett’s (children), osteomalacia (adults)
LSD use presentation
- hallucinations, anxiety or depression, delusions
- nausea, weakness, paresthesias
- dilated pupils
- few observable behavioral changes
Sx of phechomocytoma + associations
- sx = sweating, tachycardia, HTN
- associatiated w/heritable MEN syndrome
- MEN-2A
- MEN-2B
MEN-1 Syndrome association
- “3 Ps”
- Pancreas
- Pituitary
- Parathyroid neoplasms
MEN-2 syndrome associations
- MEN-2A = “2 Ps”
- Pheochromocytoma
- Parathyroid cancer
- medullary thyroid cancer
- MEN-2B = “1 P”
- Pheochromocytoma
- medullary thyroid cancer
- mucosal neoplasms
Specificty definition/calculation
- specificty = how well test identifies those who are truly non-diseased
- important in ruling out illness
- specificity = TN/(TN+FP)
Sensitivity definition/calculation
- sensitivity = probablity of detecting disease when it is present
- sensitivity = TP/(TP + FN)
Horner’s syndrome characteristics
- ptosis
- miosis
- anhidrosis
Smoker/other lung cancer risk + shoulder pain + hoarseness + Horner’s syndrome ==> what tumor type & location
- squamous cell carcinoma (if smoker) @ apex of ipsilateral lung to neuro deficitis
- aka “Pancoast’s tumor” or “superior sulcus tumor”
Recurrent viral infections indicate…
T-lymphocyte dysfxn
Helper T cell cytokine deficiency ==> T lymphocyte dysfxn
IL-2
Cause/characteristics of fifth disease
- fifth disease = “erythema infectiosum”
- caused by Parvovirus B19
- typically effects children 5-10yo
- ==> erythematous rash on both cheeks
Common drug used in treatment of large B-lymphocyte lymphoma
Methotrexate
Methotrexate MOA/use
- blocks dihydrofolate reductase ==> decreased deoxythymidine monophosphate & decreased DNA and protein synthesis in rapidly dividing cells
- used to treat B-lymphocyte lymphoma
Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis histologic appearance
- subepithelial deposition of antigen-antibody complexes ==>
- “lumpy-bumpy” pattern on light microscopy
Dx + associated sx? Patient cannot dorsiflex wrist
- = “wrist drop” ==> indicates radial nerve injury
- “radial nerve innervates the BEST”
- Brachioradialis
- Extensor of wrist/fingers
- Supinator
- Triceps
Histological appearance of osteoarthiritis @ joint space
- degeneration of articular cartilage
- disloged peices of cartilage and subchondral bone
Lab values in metabolic alkalosis
- elevated pH
- elevated CO2
- elevated HCO3-
Diuretics that can cause metabolic alkalosis
- hydrochlorothiazide
- furosemide
Common complications in Trisomy 18
- flexed fingers w/overriding digits
- prominent occiput
- congenital heart anomalies
Fxn of C5 - C8
complement compoenents involved in membrane attack complex
Deficiency of C5-C8 ==>
- increased susceptibility to gram-negative bacteria
- e.g. Neisseria meningitidis
- pyrexia
- petechial rash
- blood culture findings
Common muscle injury during vaginal delivery
perineal body & external anal sphincter ==> fecal incontinence
characteristics of alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency
- AAT = enzyme normally produced @ liver that destroys elastase produced in lung parenychema
- misfolded protease inhibitor ==> overactivity of elastase ==>
- ephysema
- cirrhosis
Histologic consequences of alpha-antitrypsin deficiency @ hepatocytes
PAS-positive globules
Anti-phospholipid syndrome in SLE patients ==>
- prolonged partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
- not correctable w/ mixing 1:1 w/fresh-frozen plasma
- “falsely-elevated”
- actually predisposes to clot formation
- DVTs
- placental clots ==> recurrent fetal loss
Main types of renal stones + typical imaging
- calcium = radiopaque on xray
- uric acid = radiolucent; seen on CT
- struvite = xray
- cystine =xray
Syphilis presentation + tx
- presentation
- painless chancre in vaginal area
- positive venereal disease research laboratory test + positive FTA-Abs ==> active infection
- treatment
- Penicilin G
- administered IM
Innervation/fxn/location of sweat glands
- eccrine
- fxn = thermoregulation; watery solution produced
- location = throughout skin, most @ palms/soles
- innervation = sympathetic
- apocrine
- fxn = produces oily, viscid solution
- location = axillae, groin
- innervation = catecholamines
Pharmacologic management of status epilepticus
- IV diazepam
- IV phenytoin
- IV phenobarbitol (if resistant status epilepticus)
