First Aid Toxin Antidotes

Question 1

Acetominophen (Tylenol)

Answer 1

N-acetylcysteine (replenishes glutathione)

Question 2

Salicylates

Answer 2

NaHCO3 (bicarb) to alkalize urine, Dialysis

Question 3

Amphetamines

Answer 3

NH4Cl (ammonium chloride) to acidify urine

Question 4

AChE inhibitors, organophosphates

Answer 4

Atropine followed by pralidoxime

Question 5

Antimuscarinic, anticholinergic agents

Answer 5

Physostigmine salicylate, control hyperthermia

Question 6

Beta Blockers

Answer 6

Glucagon

Question 7

Digitalis

Answer 7

LAMP: lidocaine, anti-dig Fab fragments, magnesium, normalize K+ (give potassium) and phenytoin if not responsive to lidocaine

Question 8

Iron

Answer 8

Deferoxamine, Deferasirox

Question 9

Lead

Answer 9

CaEDTA, dimercaprol, succimer, penicillamine

Question 10

Mercury, arsenic, gold

Answer 10

Dimercaprol (BAL), succimer

Question 11

Copper, arsenic, gold

Answer 11

Penicillamine

Question 12

Cyanide

Answer 12

Nitrite + thiosulfate, hydroxocobalamin

Question 13

Methemoglobin

Answer 13

Methylene blue, vitamin C

Question 14

Carbon Monoxide

Answer 14

100% O2, hyperbaric O2

Question 15

Methanol, ethylene glycol (antifreeze)

Answer 15

Fomepizole > ethanol, dialysis

Question 16

Opioids

Answer 16

Naloxone/naltrexone

Question 17

Benzodiazepines

Answer 17

Flumazenil

Question 18

TCAs

Answer 18

NaHCO3 (bicarb) to alkalize plasma

Question 19

Heparin

Answer 19

Protamine sulfate

Question 20

Warfarin

Answer 20

Vitamin K, Fresh Frozen Plasma

Question 21

tPA, streptokinase, urokinase

Answer 21

Aminocaproic acid

Question 22

Theophylline

Answer 22

B-blocker

Question 23

Hepatic encephalopathy

Answer 23

lactulose = disaccharide ==> acidification of gut lumen after breakdown by bacteria ==> trapping of ammonia

Question 24

Serotonin syndrome

Answer 24

cyproheptadine = antihistamine w/anti-serotonin actions