UWorld_3.25

Question 1

Cells that secrete secretin

Answer 1

-S eneteroendocrine cells of duodenum -in response to intraluminal activity -HCL most potent stimulus

Question 2

Components of Hib vaccine

Answer 2

-polysacc capsule particle attached to diptheria toxoid

Question 3

carrier proteins for bacterial capsule polysacc in vaccines

Answer 3

-n. menigitis protein complex -tetanus toxoid -diptheria toxoid

Question 4

Common cardinal veins ==>

Answer 4

==> sinus venousus ==> SVC + systemic veins

Question 5

Erythrocyte glycolysis

Answer 5

-no mitochondria = no oxidative phosphorylation ==> glycolysis as sole method for generating ATP

Question 6

Purpose: bisphosphoglycerate mutase

Answer 6

• converts 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate ==> 2,3-BPG -[2,3-BPG phosphatase can take 2,3-BPG ==> 3-phosphoglycerate] -2,3-BPG regulates O2 binding ==> decreased O2 binding in low O2 settings to increase delivery to tissue

Question 7

Cytokines ==> systemic inflammation

Answer 7

-IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha ==> acute phase proteins (e.g. fibrinogen) -APP ==> elevated ESR = nonspecific marker of inflammation

Question 8

Exotoxins that ribosylate EF2 in humans

Answer 8

-Diphtheria toxin -Pseudomonas toxin A

Question 9

Acetozolamide: MOA, use

Answer 9

-MOA: inhibits CA @ proximal tubule ==> excretion of HCO3- + sodium ==> diuresis + alkaline urine + metabolic acidosis -use: open & close-angle glaucoma, others

Question 10

Acute onset dysuria + hematuria in child that self-resovles ==> dx?

Answer 10

-acute hemorrhagic cystitis -common cause: adenovirus (nonenv, icosahedral, linear, non-segmented dsDNA)

Question 11

Homocystinuria presentation and tx

Answer 11

-inborn error of methionine metabolism due to deficiency of cystathione synthase (which uses Vit B6 as cofactor) -Sx: lens dislocation, intellectual disability, marfanoid habitus, risk for thromboembolic events -tx: supplementation of pyroxidine (B6)

Question 12

DRESS syndrome

Answer 12

-Drug Rxn with Eosinophilia & Systemic Sx -2-8 weeks after starting new medication -esp. anticonvulsants, antibiotics, allopurinol, sulfonamides -fever, general lymph, facial swell, eosino, skin rash, organ dysfxn

Question 13

Drug-induced lupus

Answer 13

-hydralazine (HTN drug, arteriolar vasodilator via K channel binding) -procainamide -isoniazid

Question 14

opioid drug that can produce w/drawal in someone on morphine

Answer 14

pentacozine

Question 15

Crohn’s: inflam + granulomas?

Answer 15

-transmural inflammation; skip lesions -non-cas. granulomas present

Question 16

Mucicarmine stain used to detect …?

Answer 16

cryptoccoccus neoformans = red on mucicarmine

Question 17

Phrenic n. roots

Answer 17

C3-C5