Rx_Random Set #4 Flashcards
Neuropathologic findings in Wernicke’s encephalopathy/Korsakoff Psychosis
- symmetric lesions @ paraventricular regions of thalamus and hypothalamus, mamillary bodies, periaqueductal reguion of the midbrain
Confusion+opthalmoplegia+ataxia & personality change+confabulation+memory loss ==> dx?
- Wernicke’s encephalopathy + Korsakoff’s psychosis
Cause of congential hypothyroidism
- Defect in thyroxine (T4) formation
- low T4 ==> elevated TSH
Sx/PE findings in Mitral stenosis
- sx: Dyspnea on exertion
- PE:
- murmur = opening snap + late diastolic rumble
Most likely etiology of mitral stenosis
- rheumatic heart disease
- i.e. previous infection w/step pyogenes
Muscles innervated by CNIII
- inferior oblique
- inferior rectus
- medial rectus
- superior rectus
Common causes of right-sided heart failure
- Left-sided heart
- Pulmonary Hypertension
Dx?: child w/2 mo. hx of fatigue, fever, decreased appetite, night sweats + lymphadenopathy, pallor, petechiae + WBC > 200,000 w/ >20% leukemic blasts
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)
Lab results characteristic of ALL (acute lymphocytic leukemia)
- > 20% leukemic blasts
- (often) neutropenia
- rapid proliferation of WBCs crows out production of other cells and causes bone marrow failure
Flumazenil use/MOA
- antidote to benzodiazepine overdose
- MOA: competitive inhibition at GABAA receptors
Dx?
Assualtive behavior, belligerence, psychosis, impulsiveness + fever, tacychardia, vertical and horizontal nystagmus, HTN
PCP intoxication
PCP intoxication tx
Benzodiazepine or Haloperidol
Azithromycin MOA
- Macrolides (Azithromycin) : bind 50S subunit of ribosomes to prevent translocation of tRNA
Late stage prostate cancer presentation
- difficulty urinating
- bone pain due to osteblastic metastases
Tx of prostate cancer
- antiandrogenic medications:
- leuprolide
- flutamide
Dantrolene ues/MOA
- use: tx of malignant hyperthermia
- MOA: prevents release of calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle ==> prevents m. contraction
NT that ==> stimulation of adrenal gland
acetylcholine from pre-ganglionic sympathetic neurons
Dx? pt. w/hearing loss + bilateral vestibular schwannomas (acoustic neuromas)
Neurofibromatosis type 2
Characteristics of Neurofibromatosis type 2
- bilateral acoustic neuromas
- associated w/other CNS tumors:
- meningiomas
- gliomas
- neurofibromas
- ependymomas
Trinucleotide repeat diseases
- Huntington’s
- Friedrich’s ataxia
- mytonic dystrophy
Inheritance phenomenon in trinucleotide repeat disease
- anticipation = age of idsease onset decreases w/each generation
Severe adverse effects of typical antipsychotic meds (Haloperidol)
- neuroleptic malignant syndrome
- hyperthermia
- muscle rigidity
- autonomic instability
- high creatine phosphokinase
- myoglobinuria
Dx?
Menstrual irregularities, cold intolerance, constipation, increased skin pigmentation
- multiple endocrine disorders ==> anterior pituitary dysfxn
Anterior pituitary dysfxn ==>
- multiple endocrine disorders
- compression @ optic chiasm ==> bi-temporal heianopia (vision loss at temporal visual fields)
Pathogens that undergo lysogenic conversion
- diptheria (C. diptheriae)
- Scarlet fever (s. pyogenes)
- botulism (C. botulinum)
- cholera (v. cholerae)
Giardiasis characteristics and tx
- GI illness
- fecal-oral transmission
- chronic + acute diarrhea
- bulky, frothy stools
- N/V
- tx = metronidazole
Common location of carcinoid GI tumors
- midgut-derived small bowel
ß-Thalassemia: inheritance, (general) disease state, gene location
- AR
- ==> anemia (of varying degrees)
- chromosome 11
