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USMLE Step 1 > Rx_Random Set #4 > Flashcards

Rx_Random Set #4 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Neuropathologic findings in Wernicke’s encephalopathy/Korsakoff Psychosis

A
  • symmetric lesions @ paraventricular regions of thalamus and hypothalamus, mamillary bodies, periaqueductal reguion of the midbrain
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2
Q

Confusion+opthalmoplegia+ataxia & personality change+confabulation+memory loss ==> dx?

A
  • Wernicke’s encephalopathy + Korsakoff’s psychosis
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3
Q

Cause of congential hypothyroidism

A
  • Defect in thyroxine (T4) formation
  • low T4 ==> elevated TSH
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4
Q

Sx/PE findings in Mitral stenosis

A
  • sx: Dyspnea on exertion
  • PE:
    • murmur = opening snap + late diastolic rumble
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5
Q

Most likely etiology of mitral stenosis

A
  • rheumatic heart disease
    • i.e. previous infection w/step pyogenes
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6
Q

Muscles innervated by CNIII

A
  • inferior oblique
  • inferior rectus
  • medial rectus
  • superior rectus
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7
Q

Common causes of right-sided heart failure

A
  1. Left-sided heart
  2. Pulmonary Hypertension
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8
Q

Dx?: child w/2 mo. hx of fatigue, fever, decreased appetite, night sweats + lymphadenopathy, pallor, petechiae + WBC > 200,000 w/ >20% leukemic blasts

A

Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)

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9
Q

Lab results characteristic of ALL (acute lymphocytic leukemia)

A
  • > 20% leukemic blasts
  • (often) neutropenia
    • rapid proliferation of WBCs crows out production of other cells and causes bone marrow failure
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10
Q

Flumazenil use/MOA

A
  • antidote to benzodiazepine overdose
  • MOA: competitive inhibition at GABAA receptors
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11
Q

Dx?

Assualtive behavior, belligerence, psychosis, impulsiveness + fever, tacychardia, vertical and horizontal nystagmus, HTN

A

PCP intoxication

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12
Q

PCP intoxication tx

A

Benzodiazepine or Haloperidol

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13
Q

Azithromycin MOA

A
  • Macrolides (Azithromycin) : bind 50S subunit of ribosomes to prevent translocation of tRNA
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14
Q

Late stage prostate cancer presentation

A
  • difficulty urinating
  • bone pain due to osteblastic metastases
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15
Q

Tx of prostate cancer

A
  • antiandrogenic medications:
    • leuprolide
    • flutamide
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16
Q

Dantrolene ues/MOA

A
  • use: tx of malignant hyperthermia
  • MOA: prevents release of calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle ==> prevents m. contraction
17
Q

NT that ==> stimulation of adrenal gland

A

acetylcholine from pre-ganglionic sympathetic neurons

18
Q

Dx? pt. w/hearing loss + bilateral vestibular schwannomas (acoustic neuromas)

A

Neurofibromatosis type 2

19
Q

Characteristics of Neurofibromatosis type 2

A
  • bilateral acoustic neuromas
  • associated w/other CNS tumors:
    • meningiomas
    • gliomas
    • neurofibromas
    • ependymomas
20
Q

Trinucleotide repeat diseases

A
  • Huntington’s
  • Friedrich’s ataxia
  • mytonic dystrophy
21
Q

Inheritance phenomenon in trinucleotide repeat disease

A
  • anticipation = age of idsease onset decreases w/each generation
22
Q

Severe adverse effects of typical antipsychotic meds (Haloperidol)

A
  • neuroleptic malignant syndrome
    • hyperthermia
    • muscle rigidity
    • autonomic instability
    • high creatine phosphokinase
    • myoglobinuria
23
Q

Dx?

Menstrual irregularities, cold intolerance, constipation, increased skin pigmentation

A
  • multiple endocrine disorders ==> anterior pituitary dysfxn
24
Q

Anterior pituitary dysfxn ==>

A
  • multiple endocrine disorders
  • compression @ optic chiasm ==> bi-temporal heianopia (vision loss at temporal visual fields)
25
Q

Pathogens that undergo lysogenic conversion

A
  • diptheria (C. diptheriae)
  • Scarlet fever (s. pyogenes)
  • botulism (C. botulinum)
  • cholera (v. cholerae)
26
Q

Giardiasis characteristics and tx

A
  • GI illness
  • fecal-oral transmission
  • chronic + acute diarrhea
    • bulky, frothy stools
  • N/V
  • tx = metronidazole
27
Q

Common location of carcinoid GI tumors

A
  • midgut-derived small bowel
28
Q

ß-Thalassemia: inheritance, (general) disease state, gene location

A
  • AR
  • ==> anemia (of varying degrees)
  • chromosome 11

USMLE Step 1 (97 decks)

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