Rx_Random Set #4 Flashcards

1
Q

Neuropathologic findings in Wernicke’s encephalopathy/Korsakoff Psychosis

A
  • symmetric lesions @ paraventricular regions of thalamus and hypothalamus, mamillary bodies, periaqueductal reguion of the midbrain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Confusion+opthalmoplegia+ataxia & personality change+confabulation+memory loss ==> dx?

A
  • Wernicke’s encephalopathy + Korsakoff’s psychosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cause of congential hypothyroidism

A
  • Defect in thyroxine (T4) formation
  • low T4 ==> elevated TSH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sx/PE findings in Mitral stenosis

A
  • sx: Dyspnea on exertion
  • PE:
    • murmur = opening snap + late diastolic rumble
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Most likely etiology of mitral stenosis

A
  • rheumatic heart disease
    • i.e. previous infection w/step pyogenes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Muscles innervated by CNIII

A
  • inferior oblique
  • inferior rectus
  • medial rectus
  • superior rectus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Common causes of right-sided heart failure

A
  1. Left-sided heart
  2. Pulmonary Hypertension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Dx?: child w/2 mo. hx of fatigue, fever, decreased appetite, night sweats + lymphadenopathy, pallor, petechiae + WBC > 200,000 w/ >20% leukemic blasts

A

Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Lab results characteristic of ALL (acute lymphocytic leukemia)

A
  • > 20% leukemic blasts
  • (often) neutropenia
    • rapid proliferation of WBCs crows out production of other cells and causes bone marrow failure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Flumazenil use/MOA

A
  • antidote to benzodiazepine overdose
  • MOA: competitive inhibition at GABAA receptors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Dx?

Assualtive behavior, belligerence, psychosis, impulsiveness + fever, tacychardia, vertical and horizontal nystagmus, HTN

A

PCP intoxication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

PCP intoxication tx

A

Benzodiazepine or Haloperidol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Azithromycin MOA

A
  • Macrolides (Azithromycin) : bind 50S subunit of ribosomes to prevent translocation of tRNA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Late stage prostate cancer presentation

A
  • difficulty urinating
  • bone pain due to osteblastic metastases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Tx of prostate cancer

A
  • antiandrogenic medications:
    • leuprolide
    • flutamide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Dantrolene ues/MOA

A
  • use: tx of malignant hyperthermia
  • MOA: prevents release of calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle ==> prevents m. contraction
17
Q

NT that ==> stimulation of adrenal gland

A

acetylcholine from pre-ganglionic sympathetic neurons

18
Q

Dx? pt. w/hearing loss + bilateral vestibular schwannomas (acoustic neuromas)

A

Neurofibromatosis type 2

19
Q

Characteristics of Neurofibromatosis type 2

A
  • bilateral acoustic neuromas
  • associated w/other CNS tumors:
    • meningiomas
    • gliomas
    • neurofibromas
    • ependymomas
20
Q

Trinucleotide repeat diseases

A
  • Huntington’s
  • Friedrich’s ataxia
  • mytonic dystrophy
21
Q

Inheritance phenomenon in trinucleotide repeat disease

A
  • anticipation = age of idsease onset decreases w/each generation
22
Q

Severe adverse effects of typical antipsychotic meds (Haloperidol)

A
  • neuroleptic malignant syndrome
    • hyperthermia
    • muscle rigidity
    • autonomic instability
    • high creatine phosphokinase
    • myoglobinuria
23
Q

Dx?

Menstrual irregularities, cold intolerance, constipation, increased skin pigmentation

A
  • multiple endocrine disorders ==> anterior pituitary dysfxn
24
Q

Anterior pituitary dysfxn ==>

A
  • multiple endocrine disorders
  • compression @ optic chiasm ==> bi-temporal heianopia (vision loss at temporal visual fields)
25
Pathogens that undergo lysogenic conversion
* diptheria (C. diptheriae) * Scarlet fever (s. pyogenes) * botulism (C. botulinum) * cholera (v. cholerae)
26
Giardiasis characteristics and tx
* GI illness * fecal-oral transmission * chronic + acute diarrhea * bulky, frothy stools * N/V * tx = metronidazole
27
Common location of carcinoid GI tumors
* midgut-derived small bowel
28
ß-Thalassemia: inheritance, (general) disease state, gene location
* AR * ==\> anemia (of varying degrees) * chromosome 11