UWorld_3.20 Flashcards
Antifungal that inhibits fungal cell wall synthesis
- Capsofungin
- inhibits synthesis of cell wall polysaccharide glucan
HbA =
HbF =
Gower =
- A = alpha2-beta2
- F = alpha2-gamma2
- gower = zeta2-epilson2
- @ embryonic sac, before liver produces HbF
Phenytoin SE/toxicity
- CNS effects ==> cerebeller defects/ataxia
- gingival hyperplasia
- pheny ==> increased PDGF ==> stimulated macs to proliferate gingiva and alveolar bone
- coarsening of facial features, hirstruism
- interferes w/folic acid metabolism ==> megaloblastic anemia
- induces P450
- teratogen ==> fetal hydantoin syndrome
Common bacteria found in alcoholics with pneumonia + tx?
- anaeorobic = bacteriodes, prevotella, fusobacterium + aerobic
- ==> abcesses and necrotizing infections
- clindamycin = covers anaerobes and gram positive (e.g s. pneumo)
Benzodiazepine: duration of actions
Triazolam
Lorazepam
Diazepam
Flurazepam
Chlordiazepoxide
- T = short
- Lor = intermediate
- diaz = long
- flur = long
- chlor = long
Common CNS-releated complication in premature neonates
- intraventricular hemorrhage @ germinal matrix ==> ventricular system
- ==> neurodevelopmenal impairment
- higher risk with earlier born and lower weight
Secretin @ pancreas
bicarbonate secretion
Maternal rubella ==> problems @ mom? problems @ baby?
- mom = head/neck rash ==> extremities + postauricular/occiital lymphadenopathy + polyarthritis/arthralgia
- fetal infection ==> sensorneural deafness, cataracts, cardiac malform (PDA)
Folate vs. Vit B12 megaloblastic anemia
- homocysteine elevated in both
- cobalamin (vit B12) and methyl tetrahydrofolate (folic acid) used to convert homocystein to methionine
- methylmalonyl CoA elevated ONLY in B12
- neurodegen in ONLY B12
Major virulence factor of S. pyogens
M protein ==I phagocytosis and complement activated
High levels of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate ==>
- induces glycolysis by inducing PFK-1
- inhibits gluconeogenesis
Phenelzine: drug class, use, other similar drugs
- MAOIs
- Atypical depression = mood reactivity (to positive events), leaden fatigue, rejection sensitivity, increased sleep and apetite
- others
- tranylcypromine
Rare, serious side effect of ACE-i
- angioedema = face, lips, tonuge, eyelids, larygneal edema ==> difficulty breathing
- most likely due to elevated bradykinin levels
SE: Orange/red body fluids ==> drug + MOA?
- Rifampin
- ihibits DNA-dependent RNA synthesis (bacterial RNA pol)
Acute TB tx
- isoniazid
- pyrazinamide
- ethambutol and/or streptomycin
Mechanism of PAH
- two-hit hypothesis
- abnormal BMPR2 gene = first insult; predisposes to pulmonary vasc disease
- second insult ==> disease process = vascular smooth musle proliferation ==> elevated pulm pressure
Reticulotcyte appearance on staining
- immature RBC
- larger than RBC
- bluish <== residual ribosomal RNA
Urticaria ==> histo findings?
dermal edema
obturator n. = course + innervation
- only major n. through obturator foramen
- innervates adductor m. of thigh
- may be injured during pelvic surgery (e.g. lymph node dissection)
