First Aid Rapid Review Flash Flashcards
1
Q
Abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly. Disease/Dx?
A
Budd-Chiari syndrome (posthepatic venous thrombosis)
2
Q
Achilles tendon xanthoma. Disease/Dx?
A
Familial hypercholesterolemia (dec LDL receptor signaling)
3
Q
Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC. Disease/Dx?
A
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (meningococcemia)
4
Q
Anterior “drawer sign” (+). Disease/Dx?
A
Anterior cruciate ligament injury
5
Q
Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints. Disease/Dx?
A
Marfan syndrome (fibrillin defect)
6
Q
Athlete with polycythemia. Disease/Dx?
A
2° to erythropoietin injection
7
Q
Back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss. Disease/Dx?
A
Pott disease (vertebral TB)
8
Q
Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis. Disease/Dx?
A
Sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas)
9
Q
Blue sclera. Disease/Dx?
A
Osteogenesis imperfecta (type I collagen defect)
10
Q
Bluish line on gingiva. Disease/Dx?
A
Burton line (lead poisoning)
11
Q
Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis. Disease/Dx?
A
Paget disease of bone (inc osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity)
12
Q
Bounding pulses, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing. Disease/Dx?
A
Aortic regurgitation
13
Q
Butterfly facial rash and Raynaud phenomenon in a young female. Disease/Dx?
A
Systemic lupus erythematosus
14
Q
Café-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma). Disease/Dx?
A
Neurofibromatosis type I (+ pheochromocytoma, optic gliomas)
15
Q
Café-au-lait spots, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, multiple endocrine abnormalities. Disease/Dx?
A
McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G-protein signaling mutation)
16
Q
Calf pseudohypertrophy. Disease/Dx?
A
Muscular dystrophy (most commonly Duchenne): X-linked recessive deletion of dystrophin gene
17
Q
Cherry-red spots on macula. Disease/Dx?
A
Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Niemann-Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation), central retinal artery occlusion
18
Q
Chest pain on exertion. Disease/Dx?
A
Angina (stable: with moderate exertion; unstable: with minimal exertion)
19
Q
Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI. Disease/Dx?
A
Dressler syndrome (autoimmune-mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis, 1-12 weeks after acute episode)
20
Q
Child uses arms to stand up from squat. Disease/Dx?
A
Gowers sign (Duchenne muscular dystrophy)
21
Q
Child with fever later develops red rash on face that spreads to body. Disease/Dx?
A
Slapped cheeks (erythema infectiosum/fifth disease: parvovirus B19)
22
Q
Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration. Disease/Dx?
A
Huntington disease (autosomal dominant CAG repeat expansion)
23
Q
Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuria. Disease/Dx?
A
McArdle disease (muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency)
24
Q
Cold intolerance. Disease/Dx?
A
Hypothyroidism
25
Conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia. Disease/Dx?
Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (damage to MLF; bilateral [multiple sclerosis], unilateral [stroke])
26
Continuous "machine-like" heart murmur. Disease/Dx?
PDA (close with indomethacin; open or maintain with misoprostol)
27
Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition. Disease/Dx?
Myxedema (caused by hypothyroidism, Graves disease [pretibial])
28
Dark purple skin/mouth nodules in a patient with AIDS. Disease/Dx?
Kaposi sarcoma, associated with HHV-8
29
Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation. Disease/Dx?
Kussmaul respirations (diabetic ketoacidosis)
30
Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea. Disease/Dx?
Pellagra (niacin [vitamin B3] deficiency)
31
Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, alcoholism or malnutrition. Disease/Dx?
Wet beriberi (thiamine [vitamin B1] deficiency)
32
Dog or cat bite resulting in infection. Disease/Dx?
Pasteurella multocida (cellulitis at inoculation site)
33
Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis. Disease/Dx?
Sjögren syndrome (autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands)
34
Dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia. Disease/Dx?
Plummer-Vinson syndrome (may progress to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma)
35
Elastic skin, hypermobility of joints. Disease/Dx?
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (type III collagen defect)
36
Enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node. Disease/Dx?
Virchow node (abdominal metastasis)
37
Erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells. Disease/Dx?
Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) or Sézary syndrome (mycosis fungoides + malignant T cells in blood)
38
Facial muscle spasm upon tapping. Disease/Dx?
Chvostek sign (hypocalcemia)
39
Fat, female, forty, and fertile. Disease/Dx?
Cholelithiasis (gallstones)
40
Fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syphilis. Disease/Dx?
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release)
41
Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash. Disease/Dx?
Measles
42
Fever, night sweats, weight loss. Disease/Dx?
B symptoms (staging) of lymphoma
43
Fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis. Disease/Dx?
Peyronie disease (connective tissue disorder)
44
Gout, intellectual disability, self-mutilating behavior in a boy. Disease/Dx?
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency, X-linked recessive)
45
Green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea. Disease/Dx?
Kayser-Fleischer rings (copper accumulation from Wilson disease)
46
Hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands. Disease/Dx?
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (inherited, benign polyposis can cause bowel obstruction; inc cancer risk, mainly GI)
47
Hepatosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, neurologic symptoms. Disease/Dx?
Gaucher disease (glucocerebrosidase deficiency)
48
Hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts. Disease/Dx?
Alport syndrome (mutation in collagen IV)
49
Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility. Disease/Dx?
Klüver-Bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesion)
50
Hyperreflexia, hypertonia, Babinski sign present. Disease/Dx?
UMN damage
51
Hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy, fasciculations. Disease/Dx?
LMN damage
52
Hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia. Disease/Dx?
Blue bloater (chronic bronchitis: hyperplasia of mucous cells)
53
Indurated, ulcerated genital lesion. Disease/Dx?
Nonpainful: chancre (1° syphilis, Treponema pallidum) Painful, with exudate: chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi)
54
Infant with cleft lip/palate, microcephaly or holoprosencephaly, polydactyly, cutis aplasia. Disease/Dx?
Patau syndrome (trisomy 13)
55
Infant with failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, and neurodegeneration. Disease/Dx?
Niemann-Pick disease (genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency)
56
Infant with hypoglycemia, failure to thrive, and hepatomegaly. Disease/Dx?
Cori disease (debranching enzyme deficiency) or Von Gierke disease (glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency, more severe)
57
Infant with microcephaly, rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, and structural heart defect. Disease/Dx?
Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18)
58
Jaundice, palpable distended non-tender gallbladder. Disease/Dx?
Courvoisier sign (distal obstruction of biliary tree)
59
Large rash with bull's-eye appearance. Disease/Dx?
Erythema chronicum migrans from Ixodes tick bite (Lyme disease: Borrelia)
60
Lucid interval after traumatic brain injury. Disease/Dx?
Epidural hematoma (middle meningeal artery rupture)
61
Male child, recurrent infections, no mature B cells. Disease/Dx?
Bruton disease (X-linked agammaglobulinemia)
62
Mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time. Disease/Dx?
Glanzmann thrombasthenia (defect in platelet aggregation due to lack of GpIIb/IIIa)
63
Muffled heart sounds, distended neck veins, hypotension. Disease/Dx?
Beck triad of cardiac tamponade
64
Multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted/ supernumerary teeth. Disease/Dx?
Gardner syndrome (subtype of FAP)
65
Myopathy (infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), exercise intolerance. Disease/Dx?
Pompe disease (lysosomal α-1,4-glucosidase deficiency)
66
Neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth. Disease/Dx?
Erb-Duchenne palsy (superior trunk [C5-C6] brachial plexus injury: "waiter's tip")
67
No lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance. Disease/Dx?
Sheehan syndrome (pituitary infarction)
68
Nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech, bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia. Disease/Dx?
Multiple sclerosis
69
Oscillating slow/fast breathing. Disease/Dx?
Cheyne-Stokes respirations (central apnea in CHF or inc intracranial pressure)
70
Painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia. Disease/Dx?
Cold agglutinin disease (autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mononucleosis)
71
Painful, pale, cold fingers/toes. Disease/Dx?
Raynaud phenomenon (vasospasm in extremities)
72
Painful, raised red lesions on pad of fingers/toes. Disease/Dx?
Osler nodes (infective endocarditis, immune complex deposition)
73
Painless erythematous lesions on palms and soles. Disease/Dx?
Janeway lesions (infective endocarditis, septic emboli/ microabscesses)
74
Painless jaundice. Disease/Dx?
Cancer of the pancreatic head obstructing bile duct
75
Palpable purpura on buttocks/legs, joint pain, abdominal pain (child), hematuria. Disease/Dx?
Henoch-Schönlein purpura (IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys)
76
Pancreatic, pituitary, parathyroid tumors. Disease/Dx?
MEN 1 (autosomal dominant)
77
Periorbital and/or peripheral edema, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia. Disease/Dx?
Nephrotic syndrome
78
Pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation. Disease/Dx?
Pink puffer (emphysema: centriacinar [smoking], panacinar [α1-antitrypsin deficiency])
79
Polyuria, renal tubular acidosis type II, growth failure, electrolyte imbalances, hypophosphatemic rickets. Disease/Dx?
Fanconi syndrome (proximal tubular reabsorption defect)
80
Pruritic, purple, polygonal planar papules and plaques (6 P's). Disease/Dx?
Lichen planus
81
Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis. Disease/Dx?
Horner syndrome (sympathetic chain lesion)
82
Pupil accommodates but doesn't react. Disease/Dx?
Argyll Robertson pupil (neurosyphilis)
83
Rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends following GI/upper respiratory infection. Disease/Dx?
Guillain-Barré syndrome (acute autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy)
84
Rash on palms and soles. Disease/Dx?
Coxsackie A, 2° syphilis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever
85
Recurrent colds, unusual eczema, high serum IgE. Disease/Dx?
Hyper-IgE syndrome (Job syndrome: neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality)
86
Red "currant jelly" sputum in alcoholic or diabetic patients. Disease/Dx?
Klebsiella pneumoniae
87
Red "currant jelly" stools. Disease/Dx?
Acute mesenteric ischemia (adults), intussusception (infants)
88
Red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola. Disease/Dx?
Paget disease of the breast (sign of underlying neoplasm)
89
Red urine in the morning, fragile RBCs. Disease/Dx?
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
90
Renal cell carcinoma (bilateral), hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma. Disease/Dx?
von Hippel-Lindau disease (dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation)
91
Resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability. Disease/Dx?
Parkinson disease (nigrostriatal dopamine depletion)
92
Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers. Disease/Dx?
Roth spots (bacterial endocarditis)
93
Severe jaundice in neonate. Disease/Dx?
Crigler-Najjar syndrome (congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
94
Severe RLQ pain with palpation of LLQ. Disease/Dx?
Rovsing sign (acute appendicitis)
95
Severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness. Disease/Dx?
McBurney sign (acute appendicitis)
96
Short stature, inc incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia. Disease/Dx?
Fanconi anemia (genetic loss of DNA crosslink repair; often progresses to AML)
97
Single palmar crease. Disease/Dx?
Down syndrome
98
Situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, infertility. Disease/Dx?
Kartagener syndrome (dynein arm defect affecting cilia)
99
Skin hyperpigmentation, hypotension, fatigue. Disease/Dx?
Addison disease (1° adrenocortical insufficiency causes inc ACTH and inc α-MSH production)
100
Slow, progressive muscle weakness in boys. Disease/Dx?
Becker muscular dystrophy (X-linked missense mutation in dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne)
101
Small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white center. Disease/Dx?
Koplik spots (measles; rubeola virus)
102
Smooth, flat, moist, painless white lesions on genitals. Disease/Dx?
Condylomata lata (2° syphilis)
103
Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails. Disease/Dx?
Bacterial endocarditis
104
Strawberry tongue. Disease/Dx?
Scarlet fever, Kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome
105
Streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kidney, cystic hygroma at birth, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema. Disease/Dx?
Turner syndrome (45,XO)
106
Sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi. Disease/Dx?
Gout/podagra (hyperuricemia)
107
Swollen gums, mucosal bleeding, poor wound healing, petechiae. Disease/Dx?
Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency: can't hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis)
108
Swollen, hard, painful finger joints. Disease/Dx?
Osteoarthritis (osteophytes on PIP [Bouchard nodes], DIP [Heberden nodes])
109
Systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo). Disease/Dx?
Aortic valve stenosis
110
Thyroid and parathyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma. Disease/Dx?
MEN 2A (autosomal dominant ret mutation)
111
Thyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma, ganglioneuromatosis. Disease/Dx?
MEN 2B (autosomal dominant ret mutation)
112
Toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape. Disease/Dx?
Babinski sign (UMN lesion)
113
Unilateral facial drooping involving forehead. Disease/Dx?
Facial nerve (LMN CN VII palsy)
114
Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in a male. Disease/Dx?
Reactive arthritis associated with HLA-B27
115
Vascular birthmark (port-wine stain). Disease/Dx?
Hemangioma (benign, but associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome)
116
Vomiting blood following gastroesophageal lacerations. Disease/Dx?
Mallory-Weiss syndrome (alcoholic and bulimic patients)
117
Weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy. Disease/Dx?
Whipple disease (Tropheryma whipplei)
118
Worst headache of my life. Disease/Dx?
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
119
Labs: Anticentromere antibodies. Disease/Dx?
Scleroderma (CREST)
120
Labs: Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies. Disease/Dx?
Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
121
Labs: Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies. Disease/Dx?
Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)
122
Labs: Antihistone antibodies. Disease/Dx?
Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, INH, phenytoin, procainamide)
123
Labs: Anti-IgG antibodies. Disease/Dx?
Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonnière deformity)
124
Labs: Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs). Disease/Dx?
1° biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)
125
Labs: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs). Disease/Dx?
Microscopic polyangiitis and Churg-Strauss syndrome (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA); granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA)
126
Labs: Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA). Disease/Dx?
SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
127
Labs: Antiplatelet antibodies. Disease/Dx?
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
128
Labs: Anti-topoisomerase antibodies. Disease/Dx?
Diffuse systemic scleroderma
129
Labs: Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies. Disease/Dx?
Celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)
130
Labs: "Apple core" lesion on abdominal x-ray. Disease/Dx?
Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)
131
Labs: Azurophilic peroxidase, + granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts. Disease/Dx?
Auer rods (AML, especially the promyelocytic [M3] type)
132
Labs: Bacitracin response. Disease/Dx?
Sensitive: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A); resistant: Streptococcus agalactiae (group B)
133
Labs: "Bamboo spine" on x-ray. Disease/Dx?
Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)
134
Labs: Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs. Disease/Dx?
Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)
135
Labs: Basophilic stippling of RBCs. Disease/Dx?
Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
136
Labs: Bloody tap on LP. Disease/Dx?
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
137
Labs: "Boot-shaped" heart on x-ray. Disease/Dx?
Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH
138
Labs: Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules. Disease/Dx?
Actinomyces israelii
139
Labs: Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging. Disease/Dx?
Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner syndrome)
140
Labs: "Brown" tumor of bone. Disease/Dx?
Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)
141
Labs: Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy. Disease/Dx?
Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
142
Labs: Cellular crescents in Bowman capsule. Disease/Dx?
Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
143
Labs: "Chocolate cyst" of ovary. Disease/Dx?
Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
144
Labs: Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale. Disease/Dx?
Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, neurofibrils retinoblastoma)
145
Labs: Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs. Disease/Dx?
Cystic fibrosis (autosomal recessive mutation in CFTR gene --> fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
146
Labs: Decreased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum. Disease/Dx?
Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality
147
Labs: Degeneration of dorsal column nerves. Disease/Dx?
Tabes dorsalis (3° syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns and lateral corticospinal tracts affected)
148
Labs: Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra. Disease/Dx?
Parkinson disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
149
Labs: Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum. Disease/Dx?
Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)
150
Labs: Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid. Disease/Dx?
Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)
151
Labs: Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement. Disease/Dx?
Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer) and hyperchromasia
152
Labs: Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies. Disease/Dx?
Owl eye appearance of CMV
153
Labs: Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei. Disease/Dx?
Orphan Annie eyes nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
154
Labs: Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell. Disease/Dx?
Mallory body (alcoholic liver disease)
155
Labs: Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell. Disease/Dx?
Lewy body (Parkinson disease)
156
Labs: Eosinophilic globule in liver. Disease/Dx?
Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)
157
Labs: Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar nerve cells. Disease/Dx?
Negri bodies of rabies
158
Labs: Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain. Disease/Dx?
Senile plaques (Alzheimer disease)
159
Labs: Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions ("owl's eye"). Disease/Dx?
Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin lymphoma)
160
Labs: Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells. Disease/Dx?
Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)
161
Labs: "Hair on end" (crew-cut) appearance on x-ray. Disease/Dx?
β-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)
162
Labs: hCG elevated. Disease/Dx?
Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo, and multiple pregnancy)
163
Labs: Heart nodules (granulomatous). Disease/Dx?
Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
164
Labs: Heterophile antibodies. Disease/Dx?
Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
165
Labs: Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions. Disease/Dx?
Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)
166
Labs: High level of D-dimers. Disease/Dx?
DVT, PE, DIC
167
Labs: Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify). Disease/Dx?
Ghon complex (1° TB: Mycobacterium bacilli)
168
Labs: "Honeycomb lung" on x-ray or CT. Disease/Dx?
Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
169
Labs: Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis). Disease/Dx?
Trousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)
170
Labs: Hypersegmented neutrophils. Disease/Dx?
Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms; folate deficiency: no neurologic symptoms)
171
Labs: Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis. Disease/Dx?
Conn syndrome
172
Labs: Hypochromic, microcytic anemia. Disease/Dx?
Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal hemoglobin sometimes present)
173
Labs: Increased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum. Disease/Dx?
Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)
174
Labs: Increased uric acid levels. Disease/Dx?
Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics
175
Labs: Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies. Disease/Dx?
Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)
176
Labs: Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum. Disease/Dx?
Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: inc chance of mesothelioma)
177
Labs: Keratin pearls on a skin biopsy. Disease/Dx?
Squamous cell carcinoma
178
Labs: Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency. Disease/Dx?
Chédiak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)
179
Labs: "Lead pipe" appearance of colon on barium enema x-ray. Disease/Dx?
Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)
180
Labs: Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular basement. Disease/Dx?
Goodpasture syndrome membrane
181
Labs: Low serum ceruloplasmin. Disease/Dx?
Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
182
Labs: "Lumpy bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence. Disease/Dx?
Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b)
183
Labs: Lytic ("hole punched") bone lesions on x-ray. Disease/Dx?
Multiple myeloma
184
Labs: Mammary gland ("blue domed") cyst. Disease/Dx?
Fibrocystic change of the breast
185
Labs: Monoclonal antibody spike. Disease/Dx?
* Multiple myeloma (usually IgG or IgA)
186
Labs: Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus. Disease/Dx?
Signet ring (gastric carcinoma)
187
Labs: Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray. Disease/Dx?
String sign (Crohn disease)
188
Labs: Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis. Disease/Dx?
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA) and Goodpasture syndrome (anti-basement membrane antibodies)
189
Labs: Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals. Disease/Dx?
Gout (monosodium urate crystals)
190
Labs: Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli. Disease/Dx?
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
191
Labs: Novobiocin response. Disease/Dx?
Sensitive: Staphylococcus epidermidis; resistant: Staphylococcus saprophyticus
192
Labs: "Nutmeg" appearance of liver. Disease/Dx?
Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure
193
Labs: "Onion skin" periosteal reaction. Disease/Dx?
Ewing sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)
194
Labs: Optochin response. Disease/Dx?
Sensitive: Streptococcus pneumoniae; resistant: viridans streptococci
195
Labs: Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area. Disease/Dx?
Codman triangle on x-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)
196
Labs: Podocyte fusion or "effacement" on electron microscopy. Disease/Dx?
Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)
197
Labs: Polished, "ivory-like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion. Disease/Dx?
Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)
198
Labs: Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein. Disease/Dx?
Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer disease) and Pick bodies (Pick disease)
199
Labs: Psammoma bodies. Disease/Dx?
Meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary
200
Labs: Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy. Disease/Dx?
Glioblastoma multiforme
201
Labs: RBC casts in urine. Disease/Dx?
Acute glomerulonephritis
202
Labs: Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells. Disease/Dx?
Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
203
Labs: Renal epithelial casts in urine. Disease/Dx?
Acute toxic/viral renal injury
204
Labs: Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent. Disease/Dx?
Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)
205
Labs: Rib notching. Disease/Dx?
Coarctation of the aorta
206
Labs: Ring-enhancing brain lesion in AIDS. Disease/Dx?
Toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma
207
Labs: Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages ("starry sky" histology). Disease/Dx?
Burkitt lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation, associated with EBV; "black sky" made up of malignant cells)
208
Labs: Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons. Disease/Dx?
Pick bodies (Pick disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)
209
Labs: "Soap bubble" in femur or tibia on x-ray. Disease/Dx?
Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
210
Labs: "Spikes" on basement membrane, "dome-like" subepithelial deposits. Disease/Dx?
Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)
211
Labs: Stacks of RBCs. Disease/Dx?
Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)
212
Labs: Stippled vaginal epithelial cells. Disease/Dx?
Clue cells (Gardnerella vaginalis)
213
Labs: "Tennis racket"-shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells. Disease/Dx?
Birbeck granules (Langerhans cell histiocytosis or histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)
214
Labs: Thrombi made of white/red layers. Disease/Dx?
Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)
215
Labs: "Thumb sign" on lateral x-ray. Disease/Dx?
Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)
216
Labs: Thyroid-like appearance of kidney. Disease/Dx?
Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
217
Labs: "Tram-track" appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy. Disease/Dx?
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
218
Labs: Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles. Disease/Dx?
Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)
219
Labs: "Waxy" casts with very low urine flow. Disease/Dx?
Chronic end-stage renal disease
220
Labs: WBC casts in urine. Disease/Dx?
Acute pyelonephritis
221
Labs: WBCs that look "smudged". Disease/Dx?
CLL (almost always B cell)
222
Labs: "Wire loop" glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy. Disease/Dx?
Lupus nephropathy
223
Labs: Yellowish CSF. Disease/Dx?
Xanthochromia (e.g., due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)
224
Condition: Absence seizures. Tx?
Ethosuximide
225
Condition: Acute gout attack. Tx?
NSAIDs, colchicine
226
Condition: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3). Tx?
All-trans retinoic acid
227
Condition: ADHD. Tx?
Methylphenidate, amphetamines
228
Condition: Alcohol use disorder. Tx?
AA + disulfiram, naltrexone, or acamprosate for patient. Al-Anon for patient's family
229
Condition: Alcohol withdrawal. Tx?
Benzodiazepines
230
Condition: Anorexia. Tx?
Nutrition, psychotherapy
231
Condition: Anticoagulation during pregnancy. Tx?
Heparin
232
Condition: Arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue. Tx?
Class IB antiarrhythmic (lidocaine, mexiletine, tocainide)
233
Condition: B12 deficiency. Tx?
Vitamin B12 supplementation (work up cause with Schilling test)
234
Condition: Benign prostatic hyperplasia. Tx?
Tamsulosin, finasteride
235
Condition: Bipolar disorder. Tx?
Lithium, valproate, carbamazepine, lamotrigine (mood stabilizers)
236
Condition: Breast cancer in postmenopausal woman. Tx?
Aromatase inhibitor (anastrozole)
237
Condition: Buerger disease. Tx?
Smoking cessation
238
Condition: Bulimia nervosa. Tx?
SSRIs
239
Condition: Candida albicans. Tx?
Amphotericin B (systemic), nystatin (oral thrush), azoles (vaginitis)
240
Condition: Carcinoid syndrome. Tx?
Octreotide
241
Condition: Chlamydia trachomatis. Tx?
Doxycycline (+ ceftriaxone for gonorrhea coinfection), erythromycin eye drops (prophylaxis in infants)
242
Condition: Chronic gout. Tx?
Probenecid (underexcretor), allopurinol (overproducer), febuxostat
243
Condition: Chronic hepatitis. Tx?
IFN-α
244
Condition: Chronic myelogenous leukemia. Tx?
Imatinib
245
Condition: Clostridium botulinum. Tx?
Antitoxin
246
Condition: Clostridium difficile. Tx?
Oral metronidazole; if refractory, oral vancomycin
247
Condition: Clostridium tetani. Tx?
Antitoxin + vaccine booster + diazepam
248
Condition: CMV. Tx?
Ganciclovir
249
Condition: Crohn disease. Tx?
Corticosteroids, infliximab, methotrexate, azathioprine
250
Condition: Cryptococcus neoformans. Tx?
Fluconazole (prophylaxis in AIDS patients)
251
Condition: Cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis. Tx?
Mesna
252
Condition: Depression. Tx?
SSRIs (first-line)
253
Condition: Diabetes insipidus. Tx?
DDAVP (central); hydrochlorothiazide, indomethacin, amiloride (nephrogenic)
254
Condition: Diabetes mellitus type 1. Tx?
Dietary intervention (low sugar) + insulin replacement
255
Condition: Diabetes mellitus type 2. Tx?
Dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin (if refractory)
256
Condition: Diabetic ketoacidosis. Tx?
Fluids, insulin, K+
257
Condition: Enterococci. Tx?
Vancomycin/ampicillin + aminoglycoside
258
Condition: Erectile dysfunction. Tx?
Sildenafil, vardenafil
259
Condition: ER+ breast cancer. Tx?
Tamoxifen
260
Condition: Ethylene glycol/methanol intoxication. Tx?
Fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor)
261
Condition: Haemophilus influenzae (B). Tx?
Rifampin (prophylaxis)
262
Condition: Generalized anxiety disorder. Tx?
Buspirone
263
Condition: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener). Tx?
Cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids
264
Condition: Heparin toxicity (acute). Tx?
Protamine sulfate
265
Condition: HER2/neu+ breast cancer. Tx?
Trastuzumab
266
Condition: Hyperaldosteronism. Tx?
Spironolactone
267
Condition: Hypercholesterolemia. Tx?
Statin (first-line)
268
Condition: Hypertriglyceridemia. Tx?
Fibrate
269
Condition: Immediate anticoagulation. Tx?
Heparin
270
Condition: Infertility. Tx?
Leuprolide, GnRH (pulsatile), clomiphene
271
Condition: Influenza. Tx?
Rimantadine, oseltamivir
272
Condition: Legionella pneumophila. Tx?
Erythromycin
273
Condition: Long-term anticoagulation. Tx?
Warfarin
274
Condition: Malaria. Tx?
Chloroquine/mefloquine (for blood schizont), primaquine (for liver hypnozoite)
275
Condition: Malignant hyperthermia. Tx?
Dantrolene
276
Condition: Medical abortion. Tx?
Mifepristone
277
Condition: Migraine. Tx?
Sumatriptan
278
Condition: MRSA. Tx?
Vancomycin
279
Condition: Multiple sclerosis. Tx?
β-interferon, immunosuppression, natalizumab
280
Condition: Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tx?
RIPE (rifampin, INH, pyrazinamide, ethambutol)
281
Condition: Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Tx?
Ceftriaxone (add doxycycline to cover likely concurrent Chlamydia)
282
Condition: Neisseria meningitidis. Tx?
Penicillin/ceftriaxone, rifampin (prophylaxis)
283
Condition: Neural tube defect prevention. Tx?
Prenatal folic acid
284
Condition: Osteomalacia/rickets. Tx?
Vitamin D supplementation
285
Condition: Osteoporosis. Tx?
Bisphosphonates; calcium and vitamin D supplementation
286
Condition: Patent ductus arteriosus. Tx?
Indomethacin
287
Condition: Pheochromocytoma. Tx?
α-antagonists (e.g., phenoxybenzamine)
288
Condition: Pneumocystis jirovecii. Tx?
TMP-SMX (prophylaxis in AIDS patient)
289
Condition: Prolactinoma. Tx?
Bromocriptine (dopamine agonists)
290
Condition: Prostate cancer/uterine fibroids. Tx?
Leuprolide, GnRH (continuous)
291
Condition: Prostate carcinoma. Tx?
Flutamide
292
Condition: Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Tx?
Antipseudomonal penicillin + aminoglycoside
293
Condition: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (idiopathic). Tx?
Sildenafil, bosentan, epoprostenol
294
Condition: Rickettsia rickettsii. Tx?
Doxycycline, chloramphenicol (associated with aplastic anemia)
295
Condition: Ringworm infections. Tx?
Terbinafine, griseofulvin, imidazole
296
Condition: Schizophrenia (negative symptoms). Tx?
5-HT2A antagonists (e.g., 2nd-generation antipsychotics)
297
Condition: Schizophrenia (positive symptoms). Tx?
D2 receptor antagonists (e.g., 1st- and 2nd-generation antipsychotics)
298
Condition: SIADH. Tx?
Demeclocycline, lithium, vasopressin receptor antagonists
299
Condition: Sickle cell anemia. Tx?
Hydroxyurea (inc fetal hemoglobin)
300
Condition: Sporothrix schenckii. Tx?
Oral potassium iodide
301
Condition: Stable angina. Tx?
Sublingual nitroglycerin
302
Condition: Staphylococcus aureus. Tx?
MSSA: nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin (antistaphylococcal penicillins); MRSA: vancomycin
303
Condition: Streptococcus bovis. Tx?
Penicillin prophylaxis; evaluation for colon cancer if linked to endocarditis
304
Condition: Streptococcus pneumoniae. Tx?
Penicillin/cephalosporin (systemic infection, pneumonia), vancomycin (meningitis)
305
Condition: Streptococcus pyogenes. Tx?
Penicillin prophylaxis
306
Condition: Temporal arteritis. Tx?
High-dose steroids
307
Condition: Tonic-clonic seizures. Tx?
Phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine
308
Condition: Toxoplasma gondii. Tx?
Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
309
Condition: Treponema pallidum. Tx?
Penicillin
310
Condition: Trichomonas vaginalis. Tx?
Metronidazole (patient and partner)
311
Condition: Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux). Tx?
Carbamazepine
312
Condition: Ulcerative colitis. Tx?
5-ASA, infliximab, colectomy
313
Condition: UTI prophylaxis. Tx?
TMP-SMX
314
Condition: Warfarin toxicity. Tx?
Fresh frozen plasma (acute), vitamin K (chronic)
315
Actinic (solar) keratosis. Association?
Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
316
Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury. Association?
Cushing ulcer (inc intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric secretion)
317
Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns. Association?
Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)
318
Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon. Association?
Skip lesions (Crohn disease)
319
Aneurysm, dissecting. Association?
Hypertension
320
Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta. Association?
Atherosclerosis
321
Aortic aneurysm, arch. Association?
3° syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction
322
Aortic aneurysm, ascending. Association?
Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)
323
Atrophy of the mammillary bodies. Association?
Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)
324
Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage). Association?
Sickle cell anemia (hemoglobin S)
325
Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer. Association?
H. pylori
326
Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly). Association?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
327
Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids). Association?
Group B streptococcus/E.coli (newborns), S. pneumoniae/ Neisseria meningitidis (kids)
328
Benign melanocytic nevus. Association?
Spitz nevus (most common in 1st two decades)
329
Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency. Association?
Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor)
330
Brain tumor (adults). Association?
Supratentorial: metastasis > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma
331
Brain tumor (kids). Association?
Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma
332
Breast cancer. Association?
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma
333
Breast mass. Association?
Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)
334
Breast tumor (benign). Association?
Fibroadenoma
335
Cardiac 1° tumor (kids). Association?
Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis
336
Cardiac manifestation of lupus. Association?
Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve)
337
Cardiac tumor (adults). Association?
Metastasis, 1° myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium; "ball and valve")
338
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation. Association?
Chiari II malformation
339
Chronic arrhythmia. Association?
Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)
340
Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune). Association?
Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
341
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina. Association?
DES exposure in utero
342
Compression fracture. Association?
Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal woman; type II: elderly man or woman)
343
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension. Association?
21-hydroxylase deficiency
344
Congenital cardiac anomaly. Association?
VSD
345
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver). Association?
Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
346
Constrictive pericarditis. Association?
TB (developing world); SLE (developed world)
347
Coronary artery involved in thrombosis. Association?
LAD > RCA > LCA
348
Cretinism. Association?
Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism
349
Cushing syndrome. Association?
* Iatrogenic Cushing (from corticosteroid therapy)
350
Cyanosis (early; less common). Association?
Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus
351
Cyanosis (late; more common). Association?
VSD, ASD, PDA
352
Death in CML. Association?
Blast crisis
353
Death in SLE. Association?
Lupus nephropathy
354
Dementia. Association?
Alzheimer disease, multiple infarcts
355
Demyelinating disease in young women. Association?
Multiple sclerosis
356
DIC. Association?
Severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery
357
Dietary deficit. Association?
Iron
358
Diverticulum in pharynx. Association?
Zenker diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)
359
Ejection click. Association?
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis
360
Esophageal cancer. Association?
Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (U.S.)
361
Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated). Association?
S. aureus, B. cereus
362
Glomerulonephritis (adults). Association?
Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)
363
Gynecologic malignancy. Association?
Endometrial carcinoma (most common in U.S.); cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)
364
Heart murmur, congenital. Association?
Mitral valve prolapse
365
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis. Association?
Mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)
366
Helminth infection (U.S.). Association?
Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides
367
Hematoma—epidural. Association?
Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)
368
Hematoma—subdural. Association?
Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)
369
Hemochromatosis. Association?
Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, "bronze diabetes," and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)
370
Hepatocellular carcinoma. Association?
Cirrhotic liver (associated with hepatitis B and C and with alcoholism)
371
Hereditary bleeding disorder. Association?
von Willebrand disease
372
Hereditary harmless jaundice. Association?
Gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
373
HLA-B27. Association?
Ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, ulcerative colitis, psoriatic arthritis
374
HLA-DR3 or -DR4. Association?
Diabetes mellitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE
375
Holosystolic murmur. Association?
VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation
376
Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis. Association?
Virchow triad (results in venous thrombosis)
377
Hypertension, 2°. Association?
Renal disease
378
Hypoparathyroidism. Association?
Accidental excision during thyroidectomy
379
Hypopituitarism. Association?
Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)
380
Infection 2° to blood transfusion. Association?
Hepatitis C
381
Infections in chronic granulomatous disease. Association?
Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus (catalase+)
382
Intellectual disability. Association?
Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome
383
Kidney stones. Association?
Calcium = radiopaque
384
Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left). Association?
Eisenmenger syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)
385
Liver disease. Association?
Alcoholic cirrhosis
386
Lysosomal storage disease. Association?
Gaucher disease
387
Male cancer. Association?
Prostatic carcinoma
388
Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever. Association?
Hodgkin lymphoma
389
Malignancy (kids). Association?
ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
390
Metastases to bone. Association?
Prostate, breast > lung > thyroid
391
Metastases to brain. Association?
Lung > breast > genitourinary > melanoma > GI
392
Metastases to liver. Association?
Colon >> stomach, pancreas
393
Mitochondrial inheritance. Association?
Disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only
394
Mitral valve stenosis. Association?
Rheumatic heart disease
395
Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease. Association?
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
396
Myocarditis. Association?
Coxsackie B
397
Nephrotic syndrome (adults). Association?
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
398
Nephrotic syndrome (kids). Association?
Minimal change disease
399
Neuron migration failure. Association?
Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)
400
Nosocomial pneumonia. Association?
Klebsiella, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
401
Obstruction of male urinary tract. Association?
BPH
402
Opening snap. Association?
Mitral stenosis
403
Opportunistic infection in AIDS. Association?
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
404
Osteomyelitis. Association?
S. aureus
405
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease. Association?
Salmonella
406
Osteomyelitis with IV drug use. Association?
Pseudomonas, S. aureus
407
Ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer. Association?
Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells)
408
Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral). Association?
Serous cystadenoma
409
Ovarian tumor (malignant). Association?
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
410
Pancreatitis (acute). Association?
Gallstones, alcohol
411
Pancreatitis (chronic). Association?
Alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)
412
Patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML (ages). Association?
ALL: child, CLL: adult > 60, AML: adult ~65, CML: adult 30-60
413
Pelvic inflammatory disease. Association?
Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae
414
Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) (bcr-abl). Association?
CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)
415
Pituitary tumor. Association?
Prolactinoma, somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma
416
1° amenorrhea. Association?
Turner syndrome (45,XO)
417
1° bone tumor (adults). Association?
Multiple myeloma
418
1° hyperaldosteronism. Association?
Adenoma of adrenal cortex
419
1° hyperparathyroidism. Association?
Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma
420
1° liver cancer. Association?
Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, α1-antitrypsin deficiency)
421
Pulmonary hypertension. Association?
COPD
422
Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels. Association?
Buerger disease (strongly associated with tobacco) in extremities
423
Renal tumor. Association?
Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Lindau and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)
424
Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause. Association?
Cor pulmonale
425
S3 (protodiastolic gallop). Association?
inc ventricular filling (left-to-right shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure [CHF])
426
S4 (presystolic gallop). Association?
Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
427
2° hyperparathyroidism. Association?
Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
428
Sexually transmitted disease. Association?
Chlamydia (usually coinfected with gonorrhea)
429
SIADH. Association?
Small cell carcinoma of the lung
430
Site of diverticula. Association?
Sigmoid colon
431
Sites of atherosclerosis. Association?
Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery
432
Stomach cancer. Association?
Adenocarcinoma
433
Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels. Association?
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)
434
t(14;18). Association?
Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)
435
t(8;14). Association?
Burkitt lymphoma (c-myc activation)
436
t(9;22). Association?
Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl fusion)
437
Temporal arteritis. Association?
Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica
438
Testicular tumor. Association?
Seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive)
439
Thyroid cancer. Association?
Papillary carcinoma
440
Tumor in women. Association?
Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)
441
Tumor of infancy. Association?
Hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)
442
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults). Association?
Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
443
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids). Association?
Neuroblastoma (malignant)
444
Type of Hodgkin. Association?
Nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
445
Type of non-Hodgkin. Association?
Diffuse large cell
446
UTI. Association?
E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)
447
Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe. Association?
HSV-1
448
Vitamin deficiency (U.S.). Association?
Folate (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3- to 4-month supply; prevents neural tube defects)
