UWorld_1.20 Flashcards
1
Q
Most common benign tumor of breast =
A
fibroadenoma
2
Q
breast biopsy, dx?
A
fibroadenoma
3
Q
child w/severe intellectual disability + seizures + pallor @ substantia nigra, locus ceruleus, vagal nucleus dorsalis ==> dx/
A
PKU (phenulketonuria)
4
Q
mechanism of PKU
A
- lack of phenylalanine hydroxylase or tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) [it’s cofactor] ==> buildup of phenylalanine @ body fluids and CNS
5
Q
colchicine: MOA/use/SE
A
- inhibition of microtubular polymerization ==> prevention of aggregration ==> disrupts chemotaxis and phagocytosis
- also inhibits formation of leukotriene B4
- use = acute gouty arthritis
- SE = nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea
6
Q
Common colonization location of staph aureus
A
nasal colonization
7
Q
Microscopic steps of inflammation
A
- margination
- rolling
- activation
- tight adhesion and crawling
- transmigration
8
Q
Key molecular components of rolling
A
- loose binding via sialyated carbohydrate groups
- @ PMNs = L-selection
- @ endothelial cells = E-selectin/P-selectin
9
Q
Key molecular components of tight adhesion and crawling
A
- CD18 beta 2 integrins (Mac-1 and LFA-1) bind to ICAMs on endothelial cells
10
Q
Key molecular components of transmigration
A
- PMNs squeeze between cells and out of vasculature
- migrate via integrin attachments and adherence to platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1)
11
Q
Middle meningeal artery is a branch of the…?
A
maxillary artery
12
Q
Presentation of tuberous sclerosis
A
- bilateral renal angiomyolipomas
- cortical tubers
- subependymal hamartomas @ brain
- cardiac rhabdomyoma
- facial angiofibroma
- leaf-shaped patches of skin lacking pigment (ash-leaf patch)
- autosomal dominant condition
13
Q
When is K permeability highest during AP?
A
during repolarization phase
14
Q
Calculation of filtration fraction
A
- FF = (glomerular filtration rate)/(renal plasma flow)
- renal plasma flow = (1-Hct)(Renal blood flow)
15
Q
Amino acids w/3 titrable protons (==> 3 pKas on titration curve)
A
- Histadine
- Arginine
- Lysine
- Aspartic acid
- glutamic acid
- cysteine
- tyrosine
