Pathoma Carcinogenesis II

Question 1

Regulatory systems

Answer 1

Proto-oncogenes*** Tumor supressor genes Regulators of apoptosis

Question 2

Proto-oncogenes

Answer 2

Mutated –> oncogenes lead to unregulated cell growth

Question 3

Normal cell cycle

Answer 3

GF binds GF receptor sends signal via transducing molecule Signal to nucleus Cell cycle regulators/nuclear regulators activeted (G1 - S - G2 - M)

Question 4

Oncogenes

Answer 4

GFs GF receptors Signal transducers Nuclear regulators Cell Cycle regulators

Question 5

(Growth Factor oncogenes)

Answer 5

…

Question 6

PDGF-beta(Platelet derived growth factor)

Answer 6

Astrocytoma (overexpression)

Question 7

(Growth Factor receptor oncogenes)

Answer 7

…

Question 8

ERBB2 (HER2-neu) (Epidermal GF receptor)

Answer 8

Breast cancer (amplification)

Question 9

Tx HER2-neu breast cancer

Answer 9

Trastuzimab (Herceptin)

Question 10

RET (Neural GF receptor)

Answer 10

Medullary Carcinoma of the thyroid (MEN2A/2B) (Sporadic carcinoma of the thyroid)

Question 11

KIT (Stem cell GF receptor)

Answer 11

Gastointestinal stromal tumor

Question 12

(Signal transducer oncogenes)

Answer 12

…

Question 13

RAS gene family (GTP binding protein)

Answer 13

Carcinoma, melanoma, lymphoma (Point mutation) - 80% human tumors

Question 14

RAS is assiated with GDP

Answer 14

Activated, then associated with GTP Turn back into GDP (shuts off)

Question 15

GAP (GTPase associated protein)

Answer 15

turns off RAS (GTP–>GDP)

Question 16

ABL (Tyrosine kinase)

Answer 16

CML (some ALL) (Overexpression)

Question 17

t(9;22) (Philadelphia chromosome)

Answer 17

CML, (some ALL) ABL signal transducer oncogene

Question 18

(Nuclear regulator oncogene)

Answer 18

…

Question 19

c-MYC (transx factor)

Answer 19

Burkitt lymphoma t(8;14) Starry sky appearance

Question 20

c-MYC translocation

Answer 20

t(8;14) - involves IgH Burkitt lymphoma

Question 21

Starry sky appearance

Answer 21

Burkitt lymphoma t(8;14)

Question 22

Ig heavy chain is on what chromosome?

Answer 22

14

Question 23

MYC is on what chromosome?

Answer 23

8

Question 24

N-MYC (transx factor)

Answer 24

Neuroblastoma

Question 25

L-MYC (transx factor)

Answer 25

small cell Lung carcinoma

Question 26

(cell sycle regulator oncogenes)

Answer 26

...

Question 27

Cyclin D1

Answer 27

Mantle Cell lymphoma t(11;14)

Question 28

t(11;14)

Answer 28

Mantle cell lymphoma

Question 29

What does Cyclin D1 do?

Answer 29

allows from G1 to S phase

Question 30

Cyclin D is on what chromosome?

Answer 30

11

Question 31

CDK4 (cyclin dependent kinase)

Answer 31

Melanoma (amplification)

Question 32

Most highly regulated phase of cell cycle

Answer 32

G1-->S