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Continuing Studies > USA: Washington > Flashcards

USA: Washington Flashcards

1
Q

AVAs that cross WA/OR border

A
  • Columbia Valley
  • Walla Walla Valley
  • Columbia Gorge
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2
Q

boundaries of the Columbia Valley AVA are based on?

A

The Columbia Basin - 11 million acres, 1/3rd of the whole state

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3
Q

Washington AVAs that are NOT in the Columbia Valley AVA

A

Puget Sound
Columbia Gorge

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4
Q

Cold Creek Vineyard
- area
- producer
- significance

A

Columbia Valley AVA (one of the few sites without a nested AVA)
* Chateau Ste Michelle flagship site
* Washington’s oldest Cab Sauv vines.. 1973

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5
Q

AVAs of Yakima Valley (6)

A
  1. Yakima Valley
  2. Snipes Mountain
  3. Red Mountain
  4. Rattlesnake Hills
  5. Candy Mountain
  6. Goose Gap
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6
Q

Red Willow Vineyard

A

Yakima Valley
- WA’s 1st Syrah (1986)

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7
Q

Yakima Valley elevation for plantings, why

A

1000 - 1400ft.. lower is more frost prone, cold air settles

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8
Q

Washington’s hottest AVA? Why?

A

Red Mountain AVA (within Yakima Valley)
( also the state’s most densely planted AVA)
* Cascade’s rain shadow, slightly lower elevation (500 - 1500ft), south facing slopes

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9
Q

Red Mountain AVA climate/terroir

A

Yakima Valley
* Red bc of reddish cheatgrass
* CLIMATE: hottest AVA in WA. Arid, windy, significant diurnal
* moderated by Yakima River
* 500 - 1500ft

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10
Q

Red Mountain AVA’s 1st vineyards? Most important vineyards/producers?

A

YAKIMA VALLEY AVA
1st: 1975 - Ciel du Cheval, Kiona
Important:
* Upchurch Vineyards, Col Solare, Force Majeure, Hedges
* Klipsun, Ciel du Cheval, Kiona, Col Solare

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11
Q

Most planted Red Mountain AVA grape?

A

Cab Sauv

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12
Q

Col Solare

A

Antinori x Chateau Ste Michelle
Red Mountain AVA

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13
Q

Snipes Mountain AVA

A

2009; Yakima Valley anticline
* 750M S, 820M N for the lower limit - up to nearly 1310ft

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14
Q

Washington’s oldest vines

A

1917 plot of Muscat of Alexandria vines, Uplands Vineyard, in the Snipes Mountain AVA
* Uplands Vineyard remains the AVA’s only “in AVA” producer

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15
Q

Rattlesnake Hills AVA
- elevation
- 3 most important vineyards

A

Yakima Valley
* 850 - 3085ft for plantings
* very dry.. 6in/yr rain sometimes. Cascade Mountains rain shadow, Yakima Range’s protection from the north
* Kennedy Shah, Savage Grace, Hyatt Vineyards

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16
Q

Yakima Valley’s rain shadow?

A

Cascade Mountains
(rainfall as little as 6in/yr)
* Yakima Range protects from the north

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17
Q

Rattlesnake Hills AVA key producers/vineyards

A

KEY: Kennedy Shah, Savage Grace, Hyatt Vineyards
In the AVA but not labelling: Cote Bonneville’s Dubrul, Andrew Wills’ Two Blondes

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18
Q

Candy Mountain AVA

A

Yakima Valley
Washington’s smallest; est 2020

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19
Q

Goose Gap AVA

A

Yakima Valley
Washington’s newest - 2021
* north-facing vineyards, mostly

20
Q

Walla Walla Valley rivers

A

“many waters” = namesake
Columbia River
Walla Walla River
Snake River

21
Q

Walla Walla Valley rain shadow

A

Blue Mountains

22
Q

Missoula Floods “bottleneck”

A

Wallula Gap, located in Walla Walla Valley

23
Q

Walla Wall Valley elevation

A

400 - 2000ft, but viti starts at 850ft bc frost

24
Q

Walla Walla Valley’s rainshadow

A

Blue Mountains

25
Q

Walla Walla Valley main soil type? Why does it work here?

A

Loess
* arable and fertile, but free-draining. The soils can hold water but are still free-draining. The climate is arid and dry, the soils are never wet and heavy

26
Q

Walla Walla Valley’s “fouding fathers”

A
  1. Gary Figgins, planted 1st vinifera in 1974, founded Leonetti Cellar in 1977
  2. also in 1977.. Rick Small planted the plot of Chardonnay that would become Woodward Canyon
  3. Baker Ferguson, L’Ecole
  4. Eric Rindal, Waterbrook
27
Q

Anticlines and synclines

A

An anticline is essentially an upward fold in layered rocks, like a giant wrinkle in the Earth’s crust. Imagine a rug that’s been pushed together at both ends, creating a ridge in the center. In geological terms, this ridge is the anticline

A syncline is the opposite of that… basically a “valley” in the fold.

28
Q

Champoux Vineyard

A

Horse Heaven Hills AVA

29
Q

Horse Heaven Hills AVA
- top vineyard site

A

Champoux Vineyard
Slightly lower elevation = more frost prone. 200ft to 1800ft, sits at edge of Columbia River

30
Q

Wahluke Slope AVA

A

“watering hole”
Driest Washington AVA, barely 6in/yr
* rises 425 - 1480ft from the Columbia River
* south-facing; deep windblown well-drained sands

31
Q

Most planted grape in Ancient Lakes of Columbia Valley AVA?

A

riesling
* Milbrandt Vineyards is the largest operation

32
Q

Only Columbia Valley nested AVA OUTSIDE of Missoula Flood zone?

A

Lake Chelan AVA

33
Q

Washington’s coolest AVA?

A

Columbia Gorge AVA

34
Q

Columbia Gorge AVA climate

A

Transitional marine –> continental climate
* 36in of rain in the west, 10ish in the east
* WIND is the main defining feature - funnel through the Columbia River gorge. Major influence.

35
Q

Columbia Gorge AVA vineyards

A

Atavus Vineyard
Celilo Vineyard

36
Q

Is OR’s growing area.. east or west of the Cascades

A

WEST

37
Q

Washington’s viticultural hero

A

Walter Clore

38
Q

Washington climate

A

East of the Cascades…
* arid continental with hot summer, cold winters
* avg 28º diurnal shift
* 6 - 12in rain/yr
* Cascade Mountains = rain shadow & continental climate. No maritime air has access.

39
Q

Orientation of Columbia Valley ridges

A

East-west
(Yakima Fold Belt)

40
Q

Why so much frost on Columbia Valley AVA valley floors?

A

Anticlines restrict air flow, creating a temperature inversion layer
* cold air bottlenecks within the synclines, unable to escape
** more frost, more diurnal, colder winters at lower elevations

41
Q

Elevation in Columbia Valley AVA

A

700-800ft generally, but the vineyards are really more “safe” starting at 1000M and up

42
Q

Washington’s methods to survive the winter

A
  1. Dual trunk vine training: 2 trunks on the same vine in parallel, an inch or two apart, ground up.
    * statistically, you can get winter damage to one but not the other, even though they are growing in the same spot
  2. Burying canes
  3. Irrigation after harvest
  4. move to higher elevation
43
Q

What disease are vines particularly susceptible to after a hard winter freeze?

A

Crown gall affliction

44
Q

Max elevation that the Missoula Floods reached

A

1200ft - the soils from here up were not underwater and feature more basalt

45
Q

Columbia Valley AVA soils

A

basalt bedrock, flood-deposited sedimentary layers + windblown loess that form the region’s silt loam soil

46
Q

% rules for Washington wine labelling

A

95% must come from state
85% if listed by AVA
95% for single vineyard

47
Q

Washington labelling % rules

A
  • 85% for county, AVA
  • 95% of grapes must be from WA
  • 95% for single vineyard labelling
  • 100% of grapes must be from estate or controlled land to be “estate bottled”; must be from the same AVA

95% from said vintage for AVA wines (85% for state, county)

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