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Continuing Studies > FR: Champagne > Flashcards

FR: Champagne Flashcards

1
Q

Who was the 1st to bottle a 100% Pinot Meunier as Special Club?

A

Moussé

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2
Q

Who is considered to be the OG Grower Champagne - the first recoltant manipulant?

A

Gaston Chiquet
In 1919, the brothers running the domaine decided to keep a large portion of their grapes for the first time and sell sparkling wine under their own name

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3
Q

Bollinger: in Champagne and beyond

A
  • Champagne Bollinger + Champagne Ayala
  • Chanson + Chateau d’Entroyes (Burgundy)
  • Langlois-Chateau (Saumur) + Hubert Brochard (Sancerre)
  • Ponzi Vineyards (Oregon)
  • Cognac Delamain + Anaë Gin (Cognac)
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4
Q

of villages allowed to produce Champagne?

A

319

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5
Q

What grapes were added to Champagne AC for “adaptation purposes”?

A

Voltis, up to 5%

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6
Q

Champagne’s principal grapes and min. % for assemblage?

A

Min. 95% (bc Voltis up to 5%)
Chardonnay
Pinot Noir
Meunier
Pinot Gris
Pinot Blanc
Petite Meslier
Arbanne
** PN/Meunier = only reds

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7
Q

What is the min. potential ABV and max. RS for Champagne’s base wine?

A

Min. 9% ABV
Max 10g/l RS

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8
Q

For Champagne, earliest date for tirage?

A

Jan. 1

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9
Q

How much time between date of tirage to disgorgement for Champagne?

A

12 months

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10
Q

Prise de Mousse must occur in what vessel?

A

Glass bottle
*finished wines must be marketed in this bottle with exception for 3L+ and less than 375ml

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11
Q

Max. % of harvest that can be sold as vintage Champagne?

A

80%

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12
Q

Vintage-dated Champagne must contain what % from said vintage?

A

100%

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13
Q

How long is the elevage for NV Champagne?

A

15 months total
(inc. 12 months on lees between date of tirage and disgorging min)

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14
Q

How long is the elevage for Vintage Champagne?

A

36 months
(inc. 12 months on lees between date of tirage and disgorging min)

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15
Q

Champagne max yields?

A

Not fixed, vary year to year.
- Exec Board of Comite Champagne decides hectare by hectare
- works within EU max of 15,500kg/ha

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16
Q

Rebêche

A

“end of pressing”
*Additional press juice; must account for 0 - 10% of total
*can only be used for distillation

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17
Q

Champagne’s max. press yield?

A

102 liters/160 kg

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18
Q

What year were Champagne’s earliest protections put in place? Year for AC?

A

1919
1936

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19
Q

Brut Nature

A

0-3 g/l
*1 - 2g is normally left after 2nd ferment

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20
Q

Other terms for Brut Nature styles?

A

Non-Dosé
Brut Sauvage
Ultra Brut
Dosage Zéro
Sans Sucre
Pas Dosé

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21
Q

Extra Brut

A

0 - 6 g/l

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22
Q

Brut

A

0 - 12 g/l
(15 prior to 2010)

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23
Q

Extra Dry

A

12 - 17 g/l

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24
Q

Sec/Dry (EU Sparkling)

A

17 - 32 g/l

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25
Q

Demi-Sec (EU Sparkling)

A

32 - 50 g/l

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26
Q

Doux

A

50+ g/l

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27
Q

Which of Champagne’s Grand Cru Villages were added after 1985?

A

Verzy (Montagne de Reims)
Choilly (Côte des Blancs)
Oiry (Côte des Blancs)
Oger (Côte des Blancs)
Les-Mesnil-sur-Oger (Côte des Blancs)

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28
Q

Champagne Grand Cru with most plantings by ha?

A

Chouilly at 522.5ha
*Le Mesnil-sur-Oger #2 at 433ha

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29
Q

Majority of Champagne vineyard is in which department?

A

Marne (66%)
(Aube (23%), Aisne (10%), Haute-Marne (0.002%), and Seine-et-Marne (1%))

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30
Q

What is Champagne’s “zone de l’élaboration”?

A

637 communes - the outer limits of the region
*the only area where it is legal to vinify/transport un-commercialized Champagne and all of its materials

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31
Q

Champagne soils?

A

Belemnite chalk subsoil covered by a thin layer of sand and clay

*Aube’s dominant soil type is clay with Kimmeridgian, not chalk

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32
Q

What percentage of Champagne is released as NV?

A

85 - 90%

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33
Q

Champagne climate
- lattitude
- classification
- sunshine hours
- rain

A

48 to 49º
Continental + Oceanic
* 1500 sunshine hours, ~25in rain per year
* diurnal shift in Sept/Oct is 10 - 15º; in Aug only 5ºish

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34
Q

1st time Champagne harvested in August? Other August vintages? Earliest start date?

A

2003 = 1st time

[2007, 2011
2015, 2017, 2018
2020 (Aug 17), 2022 (Aug 18)]

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35
Q

What is the 1st Champagne grape to bud first?

A

Chardonnay

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36
Q

Most planted grapes in Champagne?

A

Pinot Noir (38%)
Meunier (31%)
Chardonnay (30%)

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37
Q

Most planted Champagne District?

A

Vallée de la Marne (12,121ha)
Montagne de Reims (7989ha)
Côte des Bar (7900ha)
Cote des Blancs (3187ha)
Côte de Sézanne (1418ha)

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38
Q

Clos Pompadour

A

Pommery
22ha inside Reims’ city limits
(Lanson is also within city limits - just 1 mile west)

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39
Q

Mareuil-sur-Aÿ
- rank/region
- producers/bottles

A

“Super” Premier Cru
Grand Vallée / Vallée de la Marne
99pts on Echelle des Crus
* home of Philipponnat Clos des Goisses, A. Selosse Sous le Mont
* Billecart-Salmon Clos Saint-Hilaire

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40
Q

échelle des crus
- important years
- purpose
- how many
- lowest score
- regions

A

original purpose: formalize grape prices for negociants
* fixed pricing ended in 1990
* officially ended in 2010
* historic classifications remain labelled but no more “white grapes only” villages etc
* 80% was lowest score (all of Aube villages were 80%)
* 17 Grand Crus, 42 Premier Crus - Montagne de Reims, Cote de Blancs, Vallee de la Marne only

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41
Q

NV vs MV

A

Multi-Vintage (unregulated and potentially misleading) can be used to insinuate a more defined set of vintages - like maybe 2 or 3 great years

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42
Q

Reason for Vintage Champagne’s typically richer style?

A

Base wine only = richer in proteins
*Proteins dissipate as the reserve wines age.. Autolytic process in vintage Champs is enhanced
*without all of the reserves aging at different rates, vintage wines have a significantly slower evolution

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43
Q

1st Champagne Prestige Cuvee?

A

Dom Perignon, in 1936 1st commercially available Prestige Cuvee
*1921 vintage was the 1st shipped/labelled vintage

(Roederer Cristal was 1st in 1876 but only for Russians until 1945)

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44
Q

Club Trésors
- og members still in it?
- year established
- how many members

A

Original members remaining:
Paul Bara, Pierre Gimonnet, Gaston Chiquet

  • est 1971
  • invitation only - 24 members today
  • all members must grow, vinify, bottle on own estate
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45
Q

1st commercialized Champagne single vineyard bottlings?

A

Amédée Tarin, 1860s - Clos du Chapitre sold as 2 different styles:
Clos du Chapitre (blanc des blancs)
Clos du Mesnil (rosé)

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46
Q

Blanc des Blancs Champagne may legally feature what varieties?

A

Chardonnay
Pinot Blanc
Pinot Gris
Petit Meslier
Arbane
(Voltis)

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47
Q

1st known example of Rosé Champagne?

A

Ruinart’s Oeil de Perdrix Mousseux, 1764
*made by maceration. Veuve C would follow up 3 years later with blended rosé

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48
Q

What can be used in Rosé Champagne’s Liqueur d’Expedition to stabilize color?

A

Gum arabic (acacia powder from hardened sap)

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49
Q

Champagne’s allowable “margin of error” for reported RS level?

A

+/- 3g/l

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50
Q

How much sugar in liqueur de tirage to create 1 bar pressure?

A

4g sugar = 1 atmosphere of pressure
so..
24g sugar = standard 6 bars

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51
Q

Examples of Demi-Sec Champagne?

A

Pol Roger Rich
Selosse Equise
Roederer Carte Blanche
Laurent Perrier Harmony
Veuve Cliquot Demi Sec

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52
Q

Planting density in Champagne?

A

8000 vines/ha is average. 18k is a “practical max”
(No max. but… need to find if there’s a clear minimum)

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53
Q

4 vine training systems allowed in Champagne? Only methods allowed for GC?

A
  1. Chablis (usually Cote des Blancs Chard)
  2. Cordon (usually Montagne des Reims Pinot)
  3. Guyot
  4. Vallée de la Marne (usually Meunier)

*Chablis, Cordon are the only permitted systems in Grand Cru vineyards

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54
Q

Best training system for Pinot Noir in Champagne?

A

Cordon (Cordon de Rayat)
*spur-trained, cane-pruned
* max 60cm above ground

Limits yields
Evenly distributes grapes
Good exposure and ventilation

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55
Q

Benefits of large crops/high yields for Champagne?

A
  • large crop delays flowering past frost threat and extends ripening into September (cooler nights, more acid)
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56
Q

Déblocage

A

The release of reserve wine stock, as regulated by the CIVC
- in times of shortage, a max amount of blocage is mandated
- helps keep prices steady without inflation

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57
Q

Champagne: de-stemmed or whole bunch?

A

Always whole bunch

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58
Q

Traditional Champagne press?

A

Coquard (17th century technology)

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59
Q

Marc (Champagne measurement)

A

a full Coquard press holds 4000kg of grapes which yields 2666L juice = 1 marc

(2050 is the cuvee, next 500 is the taille, 116 is the rebeche)

*2050L = fills 10 pieces

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60
Q

How many liters for Cuvée, Taille, and Rebeche?

A

2666L of juice = 1 marc

2050L = Cuvee
500L = Taille
116L = Rebeche

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61
Q

Débourbage

A

2 stage process, takes 12 - 24 hours post-press:
1) flocculation stage: cellulosic material flocculates and forms clumps
2) sedimentation phase: increasingly concentrated substances sink to bottom of tank, forming a muddy deposit (bourbes) which will be elimniated via soutirage (racking). The next stage is fermentation.

  • double débourbage can minimize amount of sulfur necessary
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62
Q

Most Champagne’s final ABV?

A

12 - 12.5%

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63
Q

size of Champagne pièces?

A

205L (vin de cuvee fits 10)

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64
Q

Components of the liqueur de tirage?

A

*Yeast
*Sugar
*Yeast nutrients (not always tho)
*Fining agents/riddling aids (sodium bentonite, calcium bentonite - standard practice since 1947

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65
Q

Remise en cercles (Champagne)

A

“Return to Hoops”
*the wine is technically correct but secondary is ineffective OR a decision was made not to commercialize - the wine returns to vat to be re-blended

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66
Q

Why is choice of bottle color most important for sparkling wine production?

A

Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) = volatile sulfur compound that increases in light struck wine
*CO2 enhances its presence
*heavier glass and deeper hue = more protection

DARK AMBER is the most effective at blocking UV/all harmful light

GREEN is most traditional but 50% effective

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67
Q

Jeroboam

A

3L / 4 bottles

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68
Q

Rehoboam

A

4.5L / 6 bottles

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69
Q

Methuselah

A

6L / 8 bottles

[liters go in 3’s, bottles go in 4’s]

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70
Q

Salmanazar

A

9L / 12 bottles
(= 1 case)

[liters go in 3’s, bottles go in 4’s]

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71
Q

Balthazar

A

12L / 16 Bottles

[liters go in 3’s, bottles go in 4’s]

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72
Q

Nebuchadnezzar

A

15L / 20 bottles

[liters go in 3’s, bottles go in 4’s]

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73
Q

How does Prise de Mousse in a Magnum differ from 750ml?

A

Ratio of wine to oxygen
* 2nd ferment typically starts 2 days later and lasts a week longer
* yeasts are converting 2x the sugar to alc with 1/2 the oxygen
* longer stop-start fermentation alters the process

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74
Q

Terms related to cork-sealed secondary ferment

A

Bouchon de tirage = cork
Agrafe = the clip that goes over the cork

**no bidule can attach to cork; dead yeasts create layer on bottom of cork and create a very controlled flow of oxygen and a more graceful long aging period

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75
Q

Bidule

A

small silicon pot that captures sediment during riddling to be disgorged

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76
Q

Lifespan of Autolysis

A
  • begins 2 - 4 months after secondary
  • Most active period lasts until 4-5 yrs
  • Generally not doing anything after year 10
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77
Q

Autolysis / Disgorgement date considerations

A

Enzymatic breakdown - yeasts decompose protein into simpler amino acids.
*aminos are the precursors to the familiar aromas
*levels of aminos rise and fall so potential aroma levels are in flux
*Chef de Cave can taste for the creamy mellowness/1st window of opportunity to disgorge
*disgorgement date might be a corporate decision and not done by feel
*18 months is the optimum length of time for mousse retention and finest bead

**not the whole flavor story tho

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78
Q

Remuage

A

*hand riddling = 8 week process, moving bottles sur latte to sur pointe on pupitre

*gyropalettes = 4 to 5 days

*ultrasonic vibrations can minimize this to 1hr

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79
Q

Pupitre
- what is it

A

“desk”
Riddling rack. Traditional wooden frames with angled holes used for manual riddling. Invented by Antoine Müller, cellar master at Veuve Cliquot

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80
Q

Who invented the gyropalette as we know it?

A

Claude Cauzals and Jacques Ducoin, 1960’s
*Piper-Heidsieck was the 1st Champagne house to order one, then Taittinger and eventually Roederer

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81
Q

of bottles in a gyropalette?

A

504

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82
Q

2 riddling methods?

A
  1. Dégorgement à la glace: most common
    *dip neck in freezing bath (propylene glycol), turn upright and put on bottling line
  2. à la volée: by hand (necessary for cork/agrafe)
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83
Q

liqueur d’expédition

A

Dosage: sugar (except brut nature), base wine, SO2

(also…. absorbic acid, citric acid, gum arabic, spirit, sulficorbate)

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84
Q

Jetting

A

Method to minimize oxygen ingress between dosage and corking.

Sulfited water is injected, exciting the CO2 on surface. Bubbles rise, push oxygen out of the bottle, then the cork is inserted, compressing the CO2

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85
Q

Gold standard Champagne cork?

A

Mytik Diam
- TCA free
- uniform CO2 retention
- uniform oxygen ingress

Classic (5) and Access (3) - might see MDA and MDC printed on cork. Numbers refer to aging guarantee. Mytik 10 debuted in 2022

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86
Q

Vieilles Vignes Françaises
- producer, village
- style
- vineyards & significance
- 1st vintage

A

Bollinger, Aÿ
Blanc des Noirs
Chaudes Terres + Clos Saint-Jacques
* ungrafted Pinot Noir, cultivated by provignage
* 1st vintage 1969

$2500+++

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87
Q

R.D.
- who makes it
- blend/style
- time on lees

A

Bollinger, Aÿ
“Recently Disgorged”
Extra Brut
60 - 70% Pinot + Chard
*made in barrel, bottled under cork, hand riddled
*1952 vintage released in 1967 was 1st
~15 years on lees

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88
Q

Oldest Champagne house to produce sparkling wine exclusively?

A

Ruinart, est 1729

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89
Q

When did the technique of making heavier glass suitable for holding bubbles reach France?

A

Around 1700
Verre Anglais - English glass came about the in 1600s

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90
Q

Champagne Press process

A
  1. Autopressurage: 1st ~100L of free run; dusty, usually discard
  2. Cuvée: first and finest portion of the pressing. No more than 2050L. First three serre.
  3. Taille: coarser pressing with skin contact; another 500L
  4. Rebeche: any further pressing; not allowed for wine - only for distillery

*from loading to scooping out pomace, this is about 4 hours

*Serre = each action of the press going down

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91
Q

What is the first variety to bud in Champagne? Last?

A

Chardonnay ..
followed by Pinot Noir
then Pinot Meunier

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92
Q

1st certified biodynamic Champagne House? Largest biodynamic vineyard holder?

A

Fleury = 1st
Louis Roederer has the most biodynamic vineyard

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93
Q

Chouilly

A

Côte des Blancs, Grand Cru
*warmer microclimate, Marne River influence
* 2 sectors: Les Parcelaines (lesser), Butte de Saran (better)
*added after ‘85

Important Vineyard: Montaigu

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94
Q

Oiry

A

Côte des Blancs, Grand Cru
*added after ‘85

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95
Q

Avize
- location, status, grapes
- vineyard orientation
- producers & vineyards

A

Côte des Blancs, Grand Cru
- 100% Chardonnay
- sits on the “genuine” Cote des Blancs slope
- predominately east-facing slopes

  1. Agrapart (based in)
  2. Jacques Selosse (based in, Les Chantereines)
    Jacquesson (Champ Caïn vyd, but not based in)
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96
Q

Oger
- location, ranking
- slope orientation
- grapes

A

Côte des Blancs, Grand Cru (‘85 addition)
- mostly E-facing, some SE
- 99.6% Chard

Clos Cazals is here

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97
Q

Les Mesnil-sur-Oger
- location, ranking
- orientation of vineyards
- single vineyards/producers
- producers based here

A

Côte des Blancs, Grand Cru
- added after ‘85
- E-facing; located “on the slope”

Vineyards + Producers
- Krug Clos du Mesnil (1979)
- Les Chetillons (P. Moncuit, R. Moncuit, P. Peters)
- A. Selosse’s Les Carelles
- Salon (vintage blanc de blanc)

Based here:
Pierre Peters
Robert Moncuit
Pierre Moncuit
Claude Cazals
Guy Charlemagne

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98
Q

Cramant
- location, ranking
- producers based here

A

Côte des Blancs, Grand Cru
- Diebolt Valois (NM)
- Lancelot-Pienne (RM)
- Lillbert (RM)
- Suenen (RM)
- Voirin-Jumel (RM)

Chemin de Châlons (Selosse vineyard)

Cremant de Cramant: historical style, 3.6atm. Term was disallowed in early ‘90’s, but style still exists (ie Mumm de Cramant)

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99
Q

Cuis
- location, ranking
- most important producer

A

Côte des Blancs, Premier Cru
- N/NE facing = less sun
- Pierre Gimonnet is the single most important estate here

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100
Q

Vertus

A

Côte des Blancs, Premier Cru
*historically Pinot territory

2nd largest village in all of Champagne (after Riceys)

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101
Q

Les Chetillons
- village
- producers

A

Les Mesnil-sur-Oger

  • Robert Moncuit
  • Pierre Moncuit’s Cuvee Nicole Moncuit Vieille Vigne
  • Pierre Peter’s Cuvee Speciale Les Chetillons (1st in 1971 - originally a special club; Cuvee Speciale from 2000 on; 2002 1st time named on label)
    • Pierre Peters Chetillons is unoaked
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102
Q

Montagne de Reims plantings?

A

Pinot Noir 41%
Meunier 34%
Chardonnay 25%

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103
Q

Rivers running through Montagne de Reims?

A

Aisne River (north by Massif de Saint-Thierry)
Ardre River / Vesle River
Marne River (south)
**Vesle **(north)

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104
Q

Sillery

A

Montagne de Reims, Grand Cru
* Chardonnay dominant

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105
Q

Puisieulx

A

Montagne de Reims, Grand Cru
Pinot Noir dominant

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106
Q

Beaumont-sur-Vesle

A

Montagne de Reims, Grand Cru
Pinot Noir dominant

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107
Q

Verzenay

A

Montagne de Reims, Grand Cru
Grande Montagne subzone
Pinot Noir dominant; north-facing

108
Q

Mailly-sur-Champagne
- location
- ranking

A

Montagne de Reims
Grand Cru
Mostly N-facing slopes, Pinot Noir dominant

109
Q

Verzy

A

Montagne de Reims, Grand Cru
Grande Montagne subzone
Pinot Noir dominant; north-facing

*Les Houles (imp source for Roederer’s Cristal)

110
Q

Louvois

A

Montagne de Reims, Grand Cru
Pinot Noir dominant

111
Q

Bouzy

A

Montagne de Reims, Grand Cru
Grande Montagne subzone
Pinot Noir dominant

  • Benoit Lahaye, Pierre Paillard
  • Les Maillerets (Paillard Pinot), Les Mottelettes (Paillard Chard)

one of the warmest terroir in the region. Historically known for dry still reds

112
Q

Ambonnay

A

Montagne de Reims, Grand Cru
Grande Montagne subzone
Pinot Noir dominant, thanks to great S-facing slopes

*Egly-Ouriet, Marguet

La Grande Ruelle (Marguet, Gonet-Medeville), Le Parc
Le Bout du Clos
Clos d’Ambonnay

113
Q

Tours-sur-Marne

A

Montagne de Reims, Grand Cru
Pinot Noir dominant
*formerly only for reds

114
Q

Only Montagne de Reims Grand Cru most planted to Chardonnay?

115
Q

Ludes
- location, ranking
- producers/wines

A

Montagne des Reims, Premier Cru
Grande Montagne subzone
51% Meunier, 31% PN, 17% CH

  • Bereche: Le Cran, Les Beaux Regards, Les Clos
  • Cattier’s Clos du Moulin: single vyd since 1952
  • Canard-Duchene
116
Q

Chigny-les-Roses

A

Montagne des Reims, Premier Cru
Grande Montagne subzone
- N-facing slopes with a high proportion of Meunier

117
Q

Rilly-la-Montagne

A

Montagne des Reims, Premier Cru
Grande Montagne subzone

Vilmart - Coeur de Cuvee, Grand Cellier d’Or, Rubis
*main producer here - Pinot Noir/Chardonnay equal love

118
Q

Petite Montagne’s star variety?

A

the other important home for Meunier aside from the Vallee de la Marne
* 50% Meunier, 35% Pinot, Chardonnay

119
Q

Écueil

A

Petite Montagne, Montagne des Reims, Premier Cru
* Nicolas Maillart’s Les Francs de Pied BdN - ungrafted Pinot on sandy soil

120
Q

Vrigny
- location, ranking
- dominant grape
- important producers, bottles

A

Petite Montagne de Reims, Premier Cru
- Pinot Meunier dominates

Roger Coulon
Lelarge-Pugeot
Egly-Ouriet’s Les Vignes des Vrigny
100% Pinot Meunier, NV

121
Q

La Closerie

A

Jérôme Prévost
Star of the Petite Montagne with his 2ha in the **Les Béguines **vineyard in Gueux. Meunier only.
* 13k bottles per year. Vintage, but disgorged and released too soon to be sold as vintage
* a hero of the Meunier renaissance
* 1st vintage = 1998

122
Q

Merfy

A

Petite Montagne
Chartogne-Taillet = star producer

123
Q

Clos des Goisses
- location, ranking
- 1st vintage
- blend

A

Mareuil-sur-Aÿ, Valle de la Marne
(“Super” Premier Cru)
- 70% Pinot Noir, 30% Chardonnay planted

  • 1st vintage 1935. Made yearly, except in the poorest years.. only missed 12 vintages total.
  • 1987 wasn’t made, 1994 wasn’t released
124
Q

Clos Saint-Hilaire
- owner
- village/department
- blend

A

Billecart, Blanc de Noir
* Mareuil-sur-Aÿ (1er cru), Vallee de la Marne
* 100% Pinot Noir, planted 1964

Pinot Noir-dom house

125
Q

Aÿ
- location, ranking
- slope orientation
- vineyards and wines from here

A

Vallee de la Marne/Grande Vallee

  • The only Grand Cru village here
  • s-facing, close to river Marne
    Pinot Noir #1 (90%)
  • Bollinger: Chaudes Terres, Clos Saint-Jacques for Vieilles Vignes
    Francais
  • Jacquesson’s Vauzelle Terme
  • Cristal Rosé is Aÿ-based
126
Q

Dizy

A

Vallee de la Marne
Premier Cru

Jacquesson and Gaston Chiquet are the 2 big ones here.

Gaston Chiquet (makes a rare Aÿ BdB), Fabrice Pouillon (also makes a Bdb - les Valnons)

40% PN, 37% Chard, 23% PN - the encepagement is higher Ch for this area

127
Q

Cumières
- location, ranking
- grapes

A

Vallee de la Marne/ Grand Vallee, Premier Cru
- Pinot Noir #1, mostly S-facing slopes
- located on right bank of the Marne River, borders Hautvillers and Damery

Rene Geoffrey (Empreinte), Georges Laval (Les Chenes)

128
Q

Oeuilly - region, major producer based here?

A

Vallee de la Marne

Tarlant: Cuvee Louis, La Vigne d’anton, La Vigne d’Or

129
Q

Cuisles - region, major producer?

A

Vallee de la Marne
Moussé’s Special Club and Special Club Rosee, Anecdote
*known for Meunier

130
Q

Forest-Fourneaux

A

now known as … Taittinger
*1915: he bought this house + Chateau de la Marquetterie

131
Q

Ulysse Colin

A

Coteaux du Morin (oft lumped with Cote de Sezanne)
*located in Congy

132
Q

Cote de Sezanne grapes?

A

77% Chardonnay, 18% Pinot Noir, 5% Meunier

133
Q

Côte des Bar

A

aka the Aube
86% Pinot Noir, 10% Chard, 4% Meunier
* soils go Kimmeridgian here
* capital = Troyes

134
Q

Vouette & Sorbée

A

Buxières-sur-Arce, Cote des Bar
Mentored by Selosse

5ha, biodynamic. Bertrand Gautherot - named for 2 primary vineyards, Vouette & Vignes de Sorbée.
- vinifies in oak, no dosage, low sulfur
- Fidele: 100% PN
- Blanc d’Argile: 100% CH
- Saigne de Sorbee: rosé de maceration
- Textures: 100% Pinot Blanc
- vintage indicated by “R” with digits of the year. Gautherot recommends enjoying within 2 years of disgorgement

135
Q

Roses des Jeanne

A

Cedric Bouchard, Landreville
* Les Urselles in Celles-sur-Ource, 1ha vyd planted to PN
* La Bolorée (Pinot Blanc)
* Le Creux d’Enfer (top wine - rosé, PN)
*La Haute-Lemblé (BdB)
Bottles at a lower pressure.
Pinot-dominant project

136
Q

Drappier
- location
- top wine
- top grapes

A

Urville, Cote des Bar
* est 1808; historically most important producer here
* Grand Sendrée = single vyd; 55% Pinot Noir, 45% Chardonnay
* fav house of Charles de Gaulle

Pinot Noir

137
Q

Celles-sur-Ource

A

Cote des Bar
* Roses de Jeanne “les Ursules”
* Pierre Gerbais

138
Q

Polisot

A

Cote des Bar
*home to Marie Courtin

139
Q

Riceys
- location
- signficance
- producers

A

Barséquanais, Cote de Bar
- southernmost, most planted village in Champagne with 866ha. Situated on the Laignes River.

Rosé des Riceys: this is the only place in Champagne that can use all of the champagne AC’s
Still Rosé - 100% Pinot Noir
Whole bunch, semi-carbonic

  • Olivier Horiot, Alexandre Bonnet
140
Q

Paul Bara

A

Bouzy, Montagne de Reims
* Comtesse Marie de Franc (100% PN)
* Special Club (2/3 PN + 1/3 CH)
* Special Club Rosé (1st in club history)

141
Q

3rd week of April in Champagne

A

All of the tastings!
1. Terres et Vins de Champagne: Annual tasting held in Aÿ - Bereche and Laherte founded. Grower tasting - and vin clairs

  1. Les Artisans du Champagne: inspired by Terres et Vins de Champagne - grower estates including Hebrart,Savart, Vilmart
  2. Trait-d-Union (J Selosse, Egly-Ouriet, Prevost etc)
  3. Club Tresors
142
Q

Bereche

A

Ludes, Montagne de Reims
* Les Beaux Regards (bdb)
* Vallee de la Marne Rive Gauche (Meunier)
* Le Cran (PN/CH)
* Campania Remensis (PN, CH rosé)

143
Q

Billecart-Salmon

A

Grande Vallee, Mareuil-sur-Aÿ
*Nic Francois, Liz Salmon
*Clos Saint-Hilaire ($$$$$): 1995, single vyd

144
Q

Bollinger
- location
- top bottlings
- top vineyards

A

Aÿ
* Grande Annee
* R.D. - pioneer of late disgorged
* Chaudes Terres, Clos Saint-Jacques = Vieilles Vignes Francaises (provignage)
* La Côte aux Enfants (Coteaux Champenois Pinot Noir)

Pinot Noir dominant house

145
Q

Le Cote aux Enfants

A

Bollinger; Äy
* Pinot Noir - makes a Coteaux Champenois here and supplies Grande Année Rosé

146
Q

Cattier

A

Chigny-les-Roses, Montagne de Reims
*best known for Ace of Spades
*Clos du Moulin:
single vineyard in Ludes bottling…. 50% Pinot Noir, 50% Chardonnay, always NV

147
Q

Claude Cazals

A

Le Mesnil-sur-Oger
Clos Cazals top wine, La Chapelle du Clos = younger vines

148
Q

Gaston Chiquet
- location, etc

A

Dizy, Grande Valle (Vallee de la Marne)
Special club member. 14k cases/yr
40% CH, 40% Meunier, 20% PN

  • Tradition: 40% Meunier, 35% CH, 25% PN
  • Blanc de Blancs d’Ay: 1st and only BdB from Pinot-dominant Ay. Vines planted in 1935

No oak on site. Family has farmed vines since 1746; Chiquet Freres est 1919; Gaston since 1935. Owned Jacquesson from 1976 until Pinault purchase in 2022.

149
Q

Diebolt-Vallois

A

Cramant, Cote de Blancs
*Fleur de Passion (100% Chard)

150
Q

Dom Perignon
- 1st vintage
- blend

A

Epernay
1st vintage released 1921 in 1936
LVMH, made by Richard Geoffroy
* blend of estate and purchased grapes from 9 villages….
- Chard, CdB: Chouilly, Cramant, Avize, Le Mesnil-sur-Oger
- PN: Aÿ, Boozy, Mailly-Champagne, Verzenay, Hautvillers

151
Q

Egly-Ouriet

A

Ambonnay, Montagne de Reims
12ha total - 8ha in Ambonnay, 2ha in Vrigny (Meunier), the rest in Boozy, Verzenay

  • Blanc de Noirs Grand Cru: 100% Pinot from Les Crayeres, Ambonnay
    *100% Meunier Les Vignes de Vrigny
  • V.P Extra = extended lees bottling
    *Ambonnay Rouge Coteaux Champ
152
Q

Charles Heidsieck

A

Reims
* Blanc des Millénaires (Blanc de Blancs - Cramant, Avize, Oger, Le Mesnil, Vertus)
* Champagne Charlie (1979, 1981,1982, 1983, 1985, and 2017)

153
Q

Jacquesson
- location
- ownership
- Cuvee series

A

relocated to Dizy; vineyards in Grande Vallee and Cote de Blancs
* Chiquet bros - sold to Artemis Group in 2023
* Champ Cain: Avise
* Aÿ Vauzelle Terme
* Cuvee Series: 728 was 1st edition, based on 2000 vintage. A new edition is released each year - rather than focusing on a “house style”, they aim to make the best cuvee year to year - which may differ in profile. Extra brut.
* * degorgement tardif edition avl from 733 on
(2002 was the last vintage wine produced)

154
Q

Krug
- location
- style
- bottlings
- Clos 1st vintages

A

Reims, est 1843 by Joseph Krug
Owns 21ha. Vinify in 205L oak, malo as it comes. Ferments in steel.

Grande Cuvee: 50% vintage, reserves from 10 yrs. Edition #’s since 2016. Ages 7yrs before release.
[Current edition 172eme (Feb 2025). 44% PN, 36% CH, 20% Meunier. To get vintage of base year, add 1844 to edition # et voila. Call it MV, not NV]
Krug Rosé: 1st release in 1983, based on ‘76 vintage. Assemblage, 10% PN from vintage. 50-60% PN, 30-40% CH, ~10% Meunier. Add 1987 to get base yr.
Krug Vintage: ages 10 yrs
Krug Collection: held back, bottle aged 20 years
Clos du Mesnil, 1979
Clos d’Ambonnay, 1995

155
Q

Pierre Peters

A

Le Mesnil-sur-Oger
*Reserve Oubliée: perpetual reserve NV blanc de blancs
*Cuvee Speciale Les Chetillons
*L’Etonnant Monsieur Victor = Chetillons + Oubliée

156
Q

Pol Roger

A

Epernay
* Cuvee Sir Winston Churchill: Pinot-dominant

157
Q

Veuve Cliquot

A

Reims
*Pinot Noir-based house

  • Yellow Label/Rosé: ~50% PN, 30% CH, 20% Meunier
  • Grande Dame: 60 PN/40 CH
  • Cave Privee: 17yrs on lees
158
Q

Purpose of “boues de ville” aka “gadoues”

A

sterilized trash spread in vineyards to break up clay soils and control erosion. Discontinued since it began to contain bits of plastic, glass, metal

159
Q

Chalk pits used to cellar wine in Champagne?

160
Q

Grande Marque
- what are they
- year disbanded & why
- name a few members

A

“the Syndicat”
term used for members of the Syndicat des Grandes Marques - a prestigious organization with most of Champagne’s big names
* disbanded in 1997 when a poll asked hard questions about what it meant to be a Grand Marque - an attempt was made to introduce ‘quality criteria and more open membership’. Nobody could agree on quality criteria, so they disbanded

24 “Grand Marques”: Ayala, Billecart-Salmon, Bollinger, Canard-Duchêne, Deutz, Gosset, Charles Heidsieck, Heidsieck & Co Monopole, Krug, Lanson, Laurent-Perrier, Mercier, Moët & Chandon, GH Mumm, Joseph Perrier, Perrier-Jouët, Piper-Heidsieck, Pol Roger, Pommery, Louis Roederer, Ruinart, Salon, Taittinger and Veuve Clicquot

161
Q

Les Crayeres

A

single vineyard in Ambonnay
*Egly-Ouriet 100% Pinot NV, planted 1947
* Marguet also makes a wine here

162
Q

Terres de Noel

A

Oger
*Jean Milan NV single vyd bottling

163
Q

MCR in Champagne

A

Moût Concentré et Rectifé
* concentrated, rectified grape must - increasingly preferred for dosage instead of traditional liqueur d’expedition
* greater neutrality, fresher, made from grapes

164
Q

Champagne perpetual cuvee

A

System of storing reserve wines by blending together in a single cuvee that is constantly replenished from new harvest wine
*similar to solera except it only uses 1 tier

165
Q

Retrousse

A

In traditional Champagne pressing, the action between each serre (individual pressing) where the cake of skins, stems, seeds must be separated and redistributed to be pressed again

166
Q

Different meanings of “taille” in Champagne

A
  1. pruning
  2. second pressing of the grapes - 500L before the rebeche
167
Q

What causes tartrate crystals?

A

Precipitation of tartaric acid, occurs at low temps
*harmless; merely cosmetic

168
Q

2 French terms for ungrafted

A

Franc de Pied
Non greffé

169
Q

Aube Rivers?

A

Aube River
Seine River

170
Q

Regions for Echelles des Crus?

A

Cote des Blancs
Montagne de Reims
Vallee de la Marne
*so just remember that if they ask and it isn’t here… say village

171
Q

Chartogne-Taillet

A

Merfy, Montagne des Reims - located in the Massif de Saint-Thierry NW of Reims
*all wines = 100% Merfy
*Les Barres: ungrafted Meunier
* Orizeaux = Pinot Noir
* Heurtebise = BdB
* Les Alliés = Meunier

Lots of love for each grapes

172
Q

Massif de Saint-Thierry

A

NW Montagne des Reims, most northerly vineyards in Champagne in the village of Cormicy
* Meunier dominates this area
* home to Merfy/Chartogne-Taillet (Selosse disciple)

173
Q

100% Pinot Meunier Champagne

A
  • Bereche Vallee de la Marne Rive Gauche
  • Chartogne-Taillet Les Barres white label, Alliées
  • Egly-Ouriet Les Vignes des Vrigny
  • Laherte Frères Les Baudriers (saigner rosé)
  • Georges Laval Les Hautes Chevres (pure Meunier since 2012)
  • Leclerc-Briant Blanc des Meunier
  • Mousse’s Special Club / Rosé
  • Suenen Montigny La Grande Vigne (ungrafted meunier)
  • Tarlant Vigne d’Or (planted 1947)
174
Q

Ungrafted Champagne bottlings

A
  1. Chartogne-Taillet Les Barres (White label - 100% Meunier; black label = Pinot Noir)
  2. Bollinger Vieilles Vignes Francaises
  3. Nicolas Maillart’s Les Francs de Pied BdN - ungrafted Pinot on sandy soil
  4. Suenen Montigny La Grande Vigne (meunier)
  5. Tarlant Vigne d’Antan (ungrafted Chard)
175
Q

Roger Coulon

A

Vrigny
Petite Montagne / Montagne de Reims

Pinot Noir, Chard

176
Q

Duval-Leroy

A

Vertus, Cote des Blancs

177
Q

Olivier Horiot

A

Singe-vineyard biodynamic Rose des Riceys
- champion of the AC
- En Barmont, En Valingrain

178
Q

Laherte Freres

A

Chavot-Courcourt, Coteaux d’Epernay
* Les Empreintes (PN/CH)
* Les Beaudiers (saignee rosé, pure Meunier)
* Les 7 (all varieties)

179
Q

Larmandier-Bernier

A

Cote des Blancs
* Vertus, Oger, Avize, Cramant, Chouilly
*Rosé de Saignee: Vertus Pinot
* Latitude, Longitude: BdB’s
* Terre de Vertus
* Les Chemins d’Avize

180
Q

Jacques Lassaigne

A

Montgueux (hill of goths)
*among the 1st here in the 1960s
* Chardonnay terroir

181
Q

Montgueux

A

Hills of goths
* usually considered with the Aube; 15 min from Troyes
* Jacques Lassaigne = star producer
* Chardonnay terroir (90%)
* more clay in soil, as typical in the Aube. But also chalk, as in Cote de Blancs

182
Q

Vitryat

A

Very densely planted historically. This is kind of an “other” area
* between Sezanne and Vertus (nothing in between)
* Turonian stage chalk
* big area for negociant blending grapes. Pascal Doquet (Cote des blancs) has vines here

183
Q

Georges Laval
- location
- top bottling

A

Cumieres, Grand Vallee
*cert organic since 1971
* Les Chenes
* Les Hautes Chevres (pure Meunier since 2012)

184
Q

A.R. Lenoble

A

Damery; Vallee de la Marne
18ha of vines in: Chouilly (Chard; 11ha), Bisseuil (Pinot), Damery (Meunier)

Cuvée Les Aventures (NV)
Cuvée Gentilhomme (Vintage)
^both 100% Chard

185
Q

A. Margraine

A

Villers-Marmery, Montagne de Reims

186
Q

Villages in Petite Montagne

A

*remember that this is Meunier country
- Ecueil
- Ormes (Bereche Campania Remensis)
- Vrigny (Egly-Ouriet, Coulon bottlings)
- Gueux (Jerome Prevost/La Closerie)

187
Q

Villers-Marmery

A

Chardonnay country
Premier Cru
in the Montagne de Reims
Arnaud Margraine = best producer

188
Q

Marguet

A

Montagne de Reims
*vineyards in Boozy, Ambonnay + a single vineyard series with Cote des Blancs stuff

189
Q

David Leclapart

A

Trepail (Premier Cru), Montagne de Reims
Chardonnay-driven house

190
Q

Marie Courtin
- location
- style/bottlings

A

Polisot, Cotes des Bar
2.5ha, all in one plot.
Dominique Moreau, named for grandma Marie

Résonance: PN in steel
Efflorescence: PN in oak
Eloquence: 100% Chard in oak
Indulgence: maceration rosé, vinified in steel
Concordance: 0/0 PN, vinified in steel
* Pinot Noir-focused (tiny bit of Chard)

[all formally NV - the vintage is in code etched on glass bottle]

191
Q

Pierre Moncuit

A

Le Mesnil-sur-Oger, Cote de Blancs
* top wine = cuvee Nicole Moncuit Vieilles Vignes aka Chetillons bottling

192
Q

Moussé

A

Vallee de la Marne
*Cuisles (mostly) - Meunier-focused house

193
Q

Bruno Paillard

A

Negociant, Reims
NPU = Nec Plus Ultra. Prestige bottling, grand cru, in barrel

194
Q

Cristal
- history
- blend/style
- 1st vintage

A

Louis Roederer
“the most misunderstood Champagne in Champagne”
* Avize, Cramant, Les Mesnil, Verzenay, Verdi, Beaumont-sur-Vesle, Ay, Mareuil-sur-Ay
* Demeter certified

Approx 55% PN/45% CH
Always vintage dated. Brut; 8 - 10 gl dosage typically

[created in 1876 for Russian Czar Alex II. Clear glass/flat bottom was a safety precaution to avoid assasination attempt]

195
Q

Savart

A

Villers-aux-Noeuds, Ecueil - Montagne de Reims
* L’Ouverture: Ecueil PN
* L’Accomplie: PN CH
* Mont des Chrétiens: CH
* Expression: PN

196
Q

Francois Seconde

A

Only RM of Sillery
[Sillery is the only Chard-dominant Montagne de Reims grand cru. Alongside Ay, was formerly cited as one of Champagne’s best known villages abroad until the late 1800’s]

197
Q

Jacques Selosse
- location
- style, main bottles
- lieux-dit

A

Avize, Cote des Blancs
7.5ha, 50 - 60k bottles/year
Vinifies in oak, oxidative style

  • Initial, VO: 3 vintage BdB from Avize, Cramant, Oger
  • Exquise: Sec rendition of Initial
  • V.O.: Initial, but from vines upslope
  • Rosé: VO Chard + ~7% Egly-Ouriet red wine
  • Substance: Avize BdB made in solera

Lieux-Dits - all made in solera
Les Carelles (BdB, Le Mesnil-sur-Oger)
Chemin de Chalons (BdB, Cramant)* *
Les Chantereines (BdB, Avize) * *
La Cote Faron (Pinot, Ay)
Sous le Mont (Pinot, Mareuil-sur-Ay)
Le Bout du Clos (mostly PN, Ambonnay)

    • such small quantities, only sold in mixed case of all lieux-dits
198
Q

Suenen

A

Cote de Blancs
*Sold off further away plots that were Pinot/Meunier - all about Chardonnay
* Montigny La Grande Vigne (meunier)

199
Q

Comtes de Champagne

A

Blanc de Blancs, Taittinger
(also made as a rosé: Rosé: 70% Pinot Noir, 30% Chardonnay
- Ambonnay, Boozy, Verzenay with a little CdB CH and Boozy red)

200
Q

Tarlant

A

Vallee de la Marne
*1/2 planted to Pinot, 30% CH, 19% Meunier
*BAM! is a heritage variety bottling
* Le Vigne d’Antan - bdb from ungrafted Chard
* Cuvee Louis (PN/CH)
*La Vigne d’Or (Meunier)

201
Q

Vilmart

A

Montagne de Reims - majority of vines in Rilly-la-Montagne
*Grand Cellier
*Coeur de Cuvee
*Cuvee Rubis

Pinot Noir/Chardonnay equal love

202
Q

Delamotte

A

Cote de Blancs

203
Q

Celebris

A

Gosset - Pinot and Chard; blend varies widely per vintage
1988

Blanc de Blancs NV, Vintage Extra Brut Rosé and Vintage Extra Bru

204
Q

Cuvee Paradis

A

Alfred Gratien
Pinot and Chard

205
Q

Grand Siècle

A

Laurent-Perrier
~ 60/40 PN CH

1st release in 1959. Editions, not vintages. “Recreating the perfect year”. Blend of 3 vintages from max 11 grand crus. Ages 10 years on lees for 750ml, longer for magnum.

206
Q

Belle Époque
- who makes it
- blend

A

Perrier-Jouet
Brut: 50% Chardonnay,
45% Pinot Noir,
5% Meunier

207
Q

Rare

A

Piper-Hiedsieck
PN CH

208
Q

Cuvee Louise
- blend/style

A

Pommery
Vintage
60% Chard, 40% Pinot
Brut, Brut Rosé

209
Q

Dom Ruinart

A

Blanc de Blancs
Rosé: 85% Chardonnay, 15% Pinot Noir

210
Q

Vénus

A

Agrapart
100% Chardonnay
Brut Nature
Avize
Single Vineyard

211
Q

Les Folies de la Marquetterie

A

Taittinger, single vineyard
* name is a tribute to Chateau de la Marquetterie, the origin of the winery
* 55% Chardonnay, 45% Pinot Noir

Pierry in Coteaux Sud d’Epernay

212
Q

Clos Champagne?

A

Krug’s Clos du Mesnil & Clos d’Ambonnay
Claude Cazals Clos Cazals
Duval-Leroy Clos des Bouveries
Cattier Clos du Moulin
Veuve Fourny Clos Faubourg Notre Dame
Pommery Clos Pompadour

213
Q

Name 5 Club Tresors members

A

Gaston Chiquet (Dizy)
Paul Bara (Bouzy)
Pierre Gimonnet et Fils (Cuis)
Henri Goutorbe (Aÿ)
Marc Hébrart (Mareuil-sur-Aÿ)
J. Lassalle (Chigny-les-Roses)
Joseph Loriot-Pagel (Festigny)
A. Margaine (Villers Marmery)

Est 1971
(24 total)

214
Q

Name 5 Champagne “Syndicat” members

A

Philipponat
Gosset
Ruinart
Taittinger
Moet Chandon
Lanson
Veuve Cliquot
Jacquesson
Drappier
LP
Duetz
Pommery
Krug
so many more

*disbanded in 1997

215
Q

How many days from budbreak to harvest is “classic” in Champagne?

216
Q

Great Champagne vintages since 2000

A

2002, 2008, 2012. 2013 = easily the best
2004, 2006, 2009 = also good

217
Q

2016 Champagne

A

Tough vintage, middling quality.
Wet then sunburn. Yields down 33%. Not terrible, not excellent. Good to great - uneven.

218
Q

2017 Champagne

A

a real WTF vintage
20 - 70% frost loss then storms/hail in August, harvest rain and botrytis. Chardonnay was ok, but PN & MN were bad.
High natural alc, low acid

219
Q

2018 Champagne

A

Hottest year on record in Champagne since 2003. Generous yields. Lack depth/comlexity of great years - but no obvious shortcomings.
A relief after 2017.

220
Q

2019 Champagne

A

Dramatic year but great quality
April frosts, rainy May with downy mildew, summer heat waves, sunburn but then a decent harvest with satisfactory quality

221
Q

2020 Champagne

A

Irregular - a vintage that shows that achieving phenolic ripeness without soaring alcohol is the challenge du jour
Good Pinot year

222
Q

2021 Champagne

A

a cold, wet struggle to ripen
May frost = down 33%, losses were higher in the Côte des Bars and the Massif de St Thierry
**LOWEST YIELDS IN 35 YEARS
Quality can be ok, but variable

223
Q

2022 Champagne

A

2nd warmest recent vintage after 2018
Potential alc high, acidities low
Aug 18 harvest start

224
Q

Special Club Cote de Blancs

A

Pierre Gimonnet (Cuis)
Roland Champion (Chouilly)
Pertois-Moriset (Le Mesnil sur Oger)

225
Q

3 reasons you might use more reserve wine in Champagne

A
  1. bulk up a weak wine
  2. too distinctive from a good year - to make it in line with house style
  3. to compensate for lower yields
226
Q

% of grapes that must be from an RM’s own vineyards?

227
Q

Les Blanchiens

A

Vineyard in Mareuil-sur-Ay
Fabrice Pouillon

228
Q

Champ Caïn

A

Avize
Cote des Blancs
Selosse, Jacquesson

229
Q

Name some Cote des Blancs premier cru

A

Bergères-lès-Vertus
Cuis
Étréchy
Grauves
Pierry
Val-des-Marais (Coligny)
Vertus
Villeneuve-Renneville-Chevigny
Voipreux

230
Q

Functions of the CIVC

A
  • decide max annual yield
  • promotion of Champagne
  • regulate blocage, déblocage
  • announce harvest start date
231
Q

Notably good Champagne vintages in the 80’s?

A

1982
1985
1988

232
Q

Producers that use high % of reserve wine in their NV cuvee?

A

Larmandier-Bernier (40%)
Paul Bara (50%)
Krug Grande Cuvee (50%)

233
Q

Maillard Reaction in Champagne

A

it creates biscuity, brioche like flavors over a long period of post-disgorgement aging, and these flavors cannot be attained in any other way

during lees aging, the spent yeast cells create amino acids, which react with sugars in the wine to create the Maillard reaction (same as toasting bread, carmelization, etc)

234
Q

1st rosé Champagne?

A

Ruinart, 1764
*made via maceration
*Veuve followed in 1767

235
Q

Surmelin River

A

in the Marne - tributary of the Marne

236
Q

Jacquesson single vineyards

A

Vauzelle Terme: Ay, PN
Champ Cain: Avize, CH
Corne Bautray: Dizy, CH

237
Q

Sur Latte
- what is it
- benefits

A

Storing Champagne horizontally - big space-saving piles separated by thin wooden “lattes”, although stored horizontally in pallets now

*lees have more space to spread out in this way
*long term storage for longer elevage

entreillage is a related term

238
Q

Sur Pointe

A

Crucial step in remuage process
* bottles are stored upside down, gathering yeast into the neck prior to disgorgement

239
Q

Pointage

A

Pointage: shaking of bottles to dislodge sediment

240
Q

Dépointage

A

Stacking of the bottles neck down after riddling, in readiness for disgorgement, with the neck of one bottle resting in the hollow base of the bottle below

en masse (neck down)
entreillage = horizontal stacking

241
Q

Transversage vs Transfer Method

A

TRANSVERSAGE: “twist on traditional”; after disgorgement, wine is put into a pressure tank to which dosage is added, then bottled - usually 375ml or smaller, Jero or larger
** bottling method for “other” sizes

TRANSFER: no riddling disgorgement - after lees aging, bottles are chilled, contents transfer to bulk pressure tank. Sediment is removed via clarification or filtration. Dosage is added in tank - then bottled under pressure

242
Q

Clos d’Ambonnay
- maker, 1st vintage
- price range

A

Krug, 1st vintage 1995
* most expensive of Krug range. Release price for 1995 was $3k - 3.5k
* Krug’s 1st Blanc de Noirs
* tiny .68ha, 250 cases made

243
Q

How is Champagne harvest date determined?

A

Decision by Comite Champagne (CIVC)

Réseau Matu: Ripening Observation Network
- based on ripeness of grapes across region, determined by 404 control plots with sampling starting at veraison, 2x a week
- SUGAR CONTENT + ACIDITY LEVEL are the 2 key data points driving the decision
[takes into account rate of color change, cluster weight, sugar, total acidity, etc]

  • data collected is used to determine harvest date by municipality and grape type

*typically 90 days after full flowering

244
Q

Just trivia: what event kind of guaranteed Champagne’s success?

A

898 AD: Clovis is baptised in Reims, an event that marked the birth of the Kingdom of France. All of France’s kings were crowned here until 1825 - so Champagne has always been closely associated with royalty and nobility

245
Q

How many lbs/kg of grapes to make 1 bottle Champagne?

A

1.2 kg / 2.6 lb

246
Q

Champagne Landscape

A

Hilly - average grade is 12%
Lattitude: 48 - 49º
90 to 300M asl

247
Q

2 Champagne villages that ranked 99% on Echelles des Crus?

A

Mareuil-sur-Aÿ
Tauxières-Mutry

[of 42 premier crus, these are the only 2 above 95%]

248
Q

What percentage of purchased grapes/juice makes a producer NM?

249
Q

Special club member with most bottlings

A

Pierre Gimonnet

250
Q

Special Club Blanc de Blancs

A
  • Loriot Pagel (Festigny)
  • A. Margraine (Villers Marmery)
  • Rémy Massin (Ville sur Arce, 100% PB)
  • Vazart-Coquart et Fils (Chouilly)
  • Pertois-Moriset (Le Mesnil sur Oger)
  • Pierre Gimonnet (Cuis, all 5 bottlings are.. Oger, Cramant, Chouilly, Cuis 1er Cru, Grand Terroirs de Chardonnay)
251
Q

Special Club Meunier bottlings

A

Loriot Pagel (Festigny)
Salmon (BdN & Rosé, Chaumuzy)

252
Q

Special Club Pinot bottlings

A

Only 2 make a100% Pinot Blanc de Noirs..
Sanchez-Le Guédard
Remy Massin

.. Vazart-Coquart makes a 100% Pinot Rose

253
Q

Champagne’s most common press type
- how does it work?

A

Traditional Vertical Fixed Basket Press
- a plate lowers on grapes filling the cylindrical basket - juice percolates across the gâteau de marc (press cake), running down sides and base
- between each press, the press cake is broken up with pitchforks (retrousse)
- the relatively long press cake acts as a natural filter

Coquard, Darc, Dol-lat and Marmonier
Most common Champagne Press

254
Q

Vaslin press - what type of press is it?

A

Automated horizontal plate press
- 1st automated press, introduced to Champagne in the 50’s

255
Q

Champagen press - name for the thing that the press juice flows into once it leaves the press?

256
Q

Explain fractionated pressing in Champagne

A

Each section of the press is meant to extract from specific zones of the berry, working inward to out.

Zone 1: center of the berry with the weakest pulp. Juice is easily extracted; rich in sugar and acid. Less oxidation, no pigment
Zone 2: central zone; rich in tannin and malic acid
Zone 3: peripheral; rich in potassium

The cuvee, taille, and rebeche are separated into different belons, with solids filtered out via a stainless steel mesh. Débourbage comes next.

257
Q

Size of Champagne in hectares?

258
Q

Montagne de Reims villages with Chardonnay

A

Trepail
Villers-sur-Marmery

259
Q

Vallee de la Marne Grand Cru?

A

Ay only
(Mareuil sur Ay = 2nd highest rank at 99%)

260
Q

Non-Meunier villages in the Vallee de la Marne?

A

Ay, Mareuil sur Ay
Dizy, Champillon and Cumières
* all Pinot Noir places

Epernay, Macy, and area = Chard

261
Q

Traditional wicker baskets used to hold grapes on the way to press (champagne)

A

Mannequins

262
Q

How much alcohol is generally added during secondary fermentation?

A

1.2 to 1.3%

263
Q

Max ABV for Champagne after enrichment?

A

** need to check this

Cahiers says cannot exceed 13% after enrichment/prise de mousse

264
Q

Champagne bottles sizes that are exempt from “sold in bottle it was fermented in” rule?

A

375ml or smaller
Jeroboam or bigger
(transversage allowed)

265
Q

Dosage for Non Dosage

A

Still need to fill the void left from disgorgement - can use wine identical to what’s in bottle

Continuing Studies (81 decks)

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