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Continuing Studies > IT: South > Flashcards

IT: South Flashcards

Puglia, Basilicata, Calabria, Campania, Sardinia, Sicily

1
Q

Italian for “made from overripe grapes”

A

da uva stramature

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2
Q

Castel del Monte

A

3 DOCG + 1 DOC
* Murga Plateau/calcareous limestone formations
1. Castel del Monte Rosso Riserva DOCG: min. 65% Uva di Troia
2. Castel del Monte Nero di Troia DOCG: min. 90% Uva di Troia
3. Castel del Monte Bombino Nera DOCG: ROSÉ ONLY; max 10gl RS
4. Castel del Monte DOC: W/R/R/Sp

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3
Q

Tavoliere DOC

A

Puglia
Uva di Troie-focused rosato, red

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4
Q

Puglia’s 2 main Primitivo regions

A
  1. Gioia del Colle (Murge plateau)
  2. Manduria
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5
Q

Primitivo di Manduria DOC

A

Puglia
Min 85% Primitivo, min 13.5% ABV
* RSVA: min. 9 months in barrel, 14% ABV

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6
Q

Primitivo di Manduria Dolce Natural DOCG

A

Puglia
100% Primitivo; passito style
* min 50 gl RS, 13%
* air dried to min. 16% potential ABV

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7
Q

Puglia 4 DOCG

A
  1. Primitivo di Manduria Dolce Natural DOCG
  2. Castel del Monte Rosso Riserva DOCG (red)
  3. Castel del Monte Nero di Troia DOCG (red)
  4. Castel del Monte Bombino Nera DOCG (rosé)
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8
Q

Gioa del Colle DOC

A

Puglia
Varietal Primitivo/based rosato/reds
Aleatico passito

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9
Q

Salento Peninsula

A

southern third of Puglia
Negroamaro land
* Salice Salento DOC: rosato, reds
* Brindisi DOC: rosato, reds. also whites/sparkling

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10
Q

Puglia native white grapes (4)

A
  • Verdeca (historically known for vermouth base wine)
  • Bombino Bianco
  • Minutolo
  • Pampanuto
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11
Q

Campania’s 2 volcanoes

A

Campi Flegrei
Mt. Vesuvius

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12
Q

most planted grape in Campania

A

Aglianico - 34% of plantings

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13
Q

Campania’s 4 DOCG

A
  1. Greco di Tufo DOCG
  2. Fiano di Avellino DOCG
  3. Aglianico del Taburno DOCG
  4. Taurasi DOCG
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14
Q

Taurasi DOCG
- province
- aging
- min abv

A

S. Italy’s 1st - 1993
Avellino province.. Irpinia
* min 85% Aglianico
* normale: min 12%. 3yrs with 1 in wood
* RSVA: min. 12.5%; 4yrs with 18m in wood
^ from Dec 1 of harvest year

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15
Q

Taurasi river

A

Calore River

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16
Q

Taurasi DOCG aging

A

Normale: 3yrs with 1 in wood

RSVA: 4yrs with 18 months in wood

(both from Dec 1 of harvest year)

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17
Q

Taurasi vineyard elevation range

A

300 - 600M
* no elevation requirement

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18
Q

Taurasi climate

A

Mediterranean but more continental as you ascend the Avellino mountains
* marked diurnal shift
* distinct seasons with winter snow
* low rainfall throughout year

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19
Q

Taurasi soils

A

High proportion of calcareous clay all over.. varying degrees of volcanic matter, alluvial deposits, sand, clay, limestone, and sandstone
* phylloxera doesn’t like the loose volcanics - doesn’t survive here

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20
Q

Aglianico del Taburno DOCG
- styles, soils, climate, biotype, aging

A

Benevento
min. 85% Aglianico - rosato, rosso, rsva
* SOILS: calcareous clay
* CLIMATE: cooler, rainy - up to 63in/yr, wide diurnal shift
* biotype - Aglianico Amaro; not bitter.. amaro refers to acidity
* AGING: min. 2 years, RSVA = min. 3 yrs (1 wood, 6m bottle) from Nov 1 of harvest

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21
Q

Benevento, Avellino corresponding cultural names

A

Benevento = Sannio
Avellino = Irpinia

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22
Q

Fiano di Avellino DOCG
- soils, grapes/styles, climate

A

Avellino; Mastroberardino is the hero
* Min. 85% Fiano + Coda di Volpe, Greco, Trebbiano Toscano
* SOILS: mostly calcareous clay with some volcanic elements
* Continental
* 300 - 650M; Mount Partenio, S Apennine Mtns

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23
Q

Lapio

A

Village in Avellino - part of both Fiano and Taurasi DOCGs. Highly regarded in both

*Apianno is an early name for Lapio, which is where it is thought Fiano’s name derived from

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24
Q

Fiano di Avellino Rivers, Mountains

A

Sabato River
Calore River
Mount Partenio (S. Apennines)

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25
Q

Greco di Tufo grapes + styles

A

Bianco/Riserva
Spumante/Riserva
* Min 85% Greco di Tufo + max 15% Coda di Volpe

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26
Q

Fiano di Avellino, Greco di Tufo DOCG’s aging for Riserva

A

both min. 1 year aging
* Fiano released no earlier than Nov 1, Greco just says “from Nov 1”

Greco spumante rsva = 36 months “in bottle”

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27
Q

Greco di Tufo soils

A

Tufo = named for soft volcanic rock used for construction

Volcanics rich in clay, limestone, gravel, chalk, sulfur

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28
Q

Falanghina

A

falanghae = tied to the stake
* thought to be the grape of Falernium

  • Falanghina del Sannio (min. 85%)
  • Irpinia
  • Campi Flegrei
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29
Q

Top crus for Fiano in Avellino

A

Lapio, Candida (east)
- Montefredane (north)
- Summonte (northwest)

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30
Q

Irpinia - DOCGs within?

A

Greco, Fiano, Taurasi

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31
Q

DOC tied to historical Roman falernum?

A

Falerno del Massico DOC

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32
Q

Costa d’Amalfi - subzones and most famous producer

A

Marisa Cuomo
3 subzones: Furore, Ravello, Tramonti

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33
Q

Aglianico del Vulture DOC - grapes, styles

A

Basilicata
100% Aglianico - rosso, rosso spumante

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34
Q

Aglianico del Vulture Superiore DOCG
- grapes, style
- aging requirements

A

Basilicata
100% Aglianico - superiore, superiore RSVA

  • Normale: 3yrs total, 1yr in barrel. 13% ABV
  • RSVA: 5yrs, 2 in barrel; 13.5%
    [both to Nov 1 of yr after harvest]
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35
Q

Calabria’s most planted grape

A

Gaglioppo

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36
Q

Ciro DOC

A

Calabria; Ionian coast
WHITES: min 80% Greco Bianco (NOT Campania Greco - identical to Malvasia di Lipari)
REDS: min 80% Gaglioppo

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37
Q

Gravello

A

Librandi’s “Super Calabrian”
Gaglioppo + Cab Sauv

38
Q

Body of water separating Sicily from mainland

A

Strait of Messina

39
Q

the Brit who “discovered” Marsala & the other guy

A

John Woodhouse, 1770
* introduced fortification in 1773 - looking for a cheap alternative to Port, Sherry, Madeira
* Benjamin Ingham was the “other guy” - set up a rival company in 1812

40
Q

Name for traditional Sicilian stone fermentation houses

A

Palmenti

41
Q

Sicily’s most planted grapes

A

1 Cataratto

#2 Nero D’Avola

42
Q

Sicily’s 1st DOC

A

Etna, 1968

43
Q

Which side of Etna is NOT planted

A

West

44
Q

Etna DOC elevation

A

Generally, 300 - 900M, reaching up to 1100

45
Q

Etna’s slopes

A

NORTH: most producers. Nerello dominates. Up to 800M. 31in rain/r
EAST: Carricante dominates. Most wind/rain. Overlooks Ionian. 79in rain/yr (Milo is here)
SOUTHEAST
SOUTHWEST: less rain, hot winds. Vineyards exceed 1000M. More Nerello Cappuccio here

46
Q

Etna vine training

A

Albarello (bush vines)
- tolerate high winds
- at elevations, even distribution of sunlight

47
Q

Etna DOC white grapes + styles

A

NORMALE: min 60% Carricante + max 40% Catarratto Comune/Lucido + max 15% Trebbiano, Minella

SUPERIORE: min 80% Carricante + max 20% Minella, Trebbiano
** ONLY from commune of MILO

48
Q

Etna Bianco Superiore

A

SUPERIORE: min 80% Carricante + max 20% Minella, Trebbiano
** ONLY from commune of MILO

49
Q

Etna DOC red/rosé grapes

A

Min 80% Nerello Mascalese
Max 20% Nerello Cappuccio
Max 10% white grapes

50
Q

Etna sparkling

A

Min. 80% Nerello Mascalese
* 18 months on lees
* bianco, rosato

51
Q

Aging requirement for Etna Rosso

A

none for Normale
RISERVA: min. 4 years from Nov 1 of harvest with 12 months in wood

52
Q

Explain Etna’s contrada

A

similar to frazioni or menzioni geografiche aggiuntive (MGAs)..
* NOT single vineyards, but districts, zones, or neighborhoods
* largely based on geological formations formed by different lava flows

53
Q

Faro DOC grapes, styles

A

RED ONLY
* 45%–60% Nerello Mascalese
* 15%–30% Nerello Cappuccio
* 5%–10% Nocera
* 15% Nero d’Avola, Gaglioppo, and/or Sangiovese

Tyrrenhian + Ionian Seas; rain, humidity and little hillside protection. Almost extinct region in 90s. Palari, Bonavita, etc are reviving it

54
Q

local name for Etna lava flows

A

sciari

55
Q

ripiddu

A

term for ash, pumice, glassy black fragments shot out of Etna’s fissures

56
Q

Malvasia delle Lipari DOC grapes + styles

A

Sicily
Sweet whites, passito, & fortified styles
* 92 - 95% Malvasia di Lipari, 5 - 8% Corinto Nero

~80% of production is passito
Passito, fortified = min 60gl RS
(dry styles = Salina IGT)

57
Q

Cerasuolo di Vittoria
- varietal requirements
- claim to fame
- aging

A

Sicily’s 1st and only DOCG
* 50-70% Nero d’Avola (Calabrese)
* 30-50% Frappato
Classico = longer aging, ~18 months (March 31 of year #2)

58
Q

Cerasuolo di Vittoria Classico

A

~18 months aging (March 31 of year 2 after harvest)
* Hyblaean Mountains - covers a plateau 175 - 300Mish, around the town of Chiaramonte Gulfi
** best area for Frappato. Terra rossa soils.. red clay over limestone

59
Q

Nero d’Avola’s “Grand Cru”

A

Pachino subzone of the Eloro DOC
* min 80% NdA
* southernmost tip of Sicily
* unofficial contrada: Baroni, Bufaleffi, Maccari, and San Lorenzo

60
Q

Marsala name origin

A

Mars el-Allah = “Allah’s harbor”

61
Q

Italian name for solera system

A

perpetuum

62
Q

Marsala grapes

A
  • Ora/Ambre: Catarratto, Inzolia, Grillo, and/or Damaschino
  • Rubino: min. 70% Perricone, Nero d’Avola, and/or Nerello Mascalese
63
Q

Concia

A

addition of mosto cotta - required 1% addition for Ambra styles of Marsala. Not allowed for Ora/Rubino styles.

64
Q

Marsala aging requirements, min. alc

A

Fine: 1 year min, 8m in barrel (17.5% min)
Superiore: 2 years min, 20m in barrel (18%)
Superiore Riserva: 4 years min, 44m in barrel (18%)
** all allow addition of sweetening/coloring agents

65
Q

Marsala sweetening/coloring agents

A
  1. sifone (a sweet and syrupy mistelle)
  2. mosto cotto
  3. rectified concentrated grape juice
66
Q

Solera Marsala

A

Perpetuum = min 5 years aging, no vintage date
*Stravecchio can apply to Vergine, Solera = min 10 years

67
Q

Vergine Marsala

A

No addition other than spirit
* Min. 5 years aging
* Min 18% ABV
* Secco only - max 40 gl RS
*Stravecchio can apply to Vergine, Solera = min 10 years

68
Q

Marsala min. ABV

A

17.5% for fine; 18% for all others

69
Q

Marsala RS for Secco, Semisecco, Dolce

A

Secco: max 40 gl RS
Semisecco: 40 - 100 gl RS
Dolce: 100+

70
Q

Vecchio Samperi

A

Marco De Bartoli’s unfortified Marsala, named for the contrada of his family winery
* 1st vintage in 1980

71
Q

Pantelleria - grape, styles, method

A

Moscato di Pantelleria, Passito di Pantelleria
* Zibbibo (zibbib = Arabic for “dried grape”): right at home. Big berries, thick skins can withstand wind and sun
METHOD:
- grapes dry to varying degrees in stenditoio (walled area) or serre (drying tunnels)
- dried grapes are added to fermenting base wine (just like Tokay, minus the botrytis)

Marco Bartoli “Buckram”, Donnafugata “Ben Ryé”

72
Q

Nuraghi

A

truncated conic towers built with basalt stones by early Sardinian peoples during the Bronze Age

73
Q

Sardinia most planted grapes

A

1 Cannonau (center and south)

#2 Vermentino (north)

74
Q

Vermentino di Gallura

A

Sardinia’s only DOCG
* Pink granite soils - a rarity
* min 95% Vermentino
* normale, superiore, sparkling, late harvest, passito

75
Q

Vementino di Sardegna DOC - min % of Vermentino?

A

Min 85% Vermentino

76
Q

Cannonau di Sardegna DOC
-subzones
-varietal requirement

A

Min. 85% Cannonau
* Subzones: Oliena, Jerzu, Cap Ferrato, Classico
* * Classico requires min 90% Cannonau + 2yrs age (12 in wood)

77
Q

Carignano on Sardinia

A

Sulcis zone in SW and Sant’Antioco island
* identical to Bovale Grande

78
Q

Mirto di Sardegna

A

Protected IGP - sweet herbal liqueur made from myrtle plants. 28 - 36% ABV, max 270gl RS

79
Q

Alghero DOC

A

Sardinia
Torbato (white)

80
Q

Vernaccia di Oristano DOC

A

Sardinia; heritage specialty
* dry or sweet, fortified or not. Always oxidative
* ages in solera system of chestnut or oak barrels, not topped up. Develops flor
* min 2 years flor for normale, 3 for superiore, 4 for rsva

81
Q

Etna vintage highlights - since 2015

A

2015: hail, humidity etc
2016: good, no challenges
2017: dry, not bad
2018: disastrous. Rain, cool. Wettest August in 18 vintages+
2019, 2020: no big challenges
2021: DRY all season long
2022: some hail
2023: downy mildew, hail and drought

82
Q

mainland regions closest to Sardinia

A

Lazio
Tuscany

83
Q

Cagliari native variety DOCs

A

Nasco di Cagliari DOC
Giro di Cagliari DOC
Nuragas di Cagliari DOC

84
Q

Cannonau di Sardegna subzones

A
  1. Classico
  2. Oliena/Nepente di Oliena
  3. Capo Ferrato
  4. Jerzu
85
Q

strain of yeast is responsible for development of the flor?

A

saccharomyces cerevisiae

86
Q

first DOC in Sardinia?

A

Vernaccia di Oristano DOC (1971)

87
Q

What body of water separates Sardinia from Corsica?

A

Bocche di Bonifacio aka the strait of Bonifacio

88
Q

Name 5 Etna contrada

A

Feudo di Mezzo
Cavaliere
Monte Serra
Pietrarizzo
San Lorenzo
Crasa

89
Q

Ben Ryé

A

Donnafugata; Passito di Pantelleria

90
Q

IDDA

A

Graci x Gaja

91
Q

What Aglianico DOCG mandates the longest aging?

A

Aglianico del Volture Superiore Riserva DOCG
(60 months total. 2yrs in barrel, 1yr in bottle)

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